“轴线”的嬗变 法国现代园林景观对古典主义园林的传承与发展

法国现代园林景观对古典主义园林优秀设计手法的传承与发展涉及到诸多的层面。以＂轴线＂这一法国古典主义园林最典型的设计语言作为主题,从集中性空间、整体性设计以及透视学原理三个层面简要分析古典主义园林轴线景观的典型特征。在此基础上,详细阐释法国现代园林景观对＂轴线＂这一设计手法的传承与发展。无论是空间结构的延续、空间拓展的意识转变还是集中性空间的重组,＂轴线＂仅仅是一种媒介,旨在引出对地域性景观更深层次的精神传承的思索。     

浅议现代园林水景设计艺术

园林规划中,因地制宜地设置一些水景,处理好水体与周围环境景观要素的关系,充分发挥水体的造景作用,使其展示独特的魅力,就可以营造出引人入胜的景观。本文通过分析水体的各类形态和景观特性,对水景的设计原则及其在实际设计中考虑人们不同需要而设置不同水体景观的应用,水景设计和临水硬质景观布局以及水景设计和植物配置关系等几个问题进行了初步的思考和讨论,分析了水景的多种功能并对其产生的景观多样性和空间艺术效果作了比较系统的介绍。     

中国传统理水的现代运用——以长沙金科·东方大院中央水景区设计为例

本文从中国古典园林中水的地位和理水手法入手,结合长沙市东方大院中央水景区项目,探讨了水形与水态、水声与水色、动水与静水、水的意境等中国传统理水手法在现代居住区景观中的继承和发展。     

扶沟大程书院园林艺术特色及文化内涵

书院是中国古代一种独特的教育机构,对中国古代文化教育、学术思想的发展产生过巨大的影响,书院园林是在书院发展成熟的基础上产生的。扶沟大程书院是一座距今约千年的古书院,本文在对扶沟大程书院初步调查研究和分析的基础上,初步考证了大程书院的建造背景及历史沿革,分析了其艺术特色。揭示了该书院园林所蕴涵的文化内涵,并对其始创者-程颢的理学思想对大程书院以及后世的影响进行了探讨,以期弘扬传统书院园林文化。     

Implementation of classical nucleation and growth theories for precipitation

Three ways of implementing classical nucleation and growth theories for precipitation are presented and discussed: (i) the “mean radius approach” (particle size distribution is restricted to its mean radius and density); (ii) the “Euler-like multi-class approach” (the particle size distribution is discretized in several size classes and its time evolution is calculated evaluating the fluxes between neighboring classes); and (iii) the “Lagrange-like multi-class approach” (the particle size distribution is again discretized in several size classes, whose radius time evolution are calculated). In some simple cases, the three approaches lead to similar results, but when more complex heat treatments are involved, multi-class approaches are required. Although the Euler-like approach involves a more complex class number management, it is more adapted to the modeling of precipitate chemistry. Some examples of implementation are presented: Cu precipitation in ferrite, Al₃Sc precipitation in aluminum, VC and NbVC precipitation in austenite.     

Recombinant Landscapes in the American City

How are urban actors, such as landscape designers, community groups, developers and local politicians, actively restructuring their environments to meet the challenges of the American city in the new global context? Grahame Shane outlines the approaches to landscape that have been emerging since the mid-20th century and are set to recombine urban assemblages whether they are located in historic city centres, postindustrial waterfronts or suburban sprawl. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Selective atomic hydrogen heating in plasmas: Implications for quantum theory

A new model of quantum mechanics, Classical Quantum Mechanics, is based on the (nearly heretical) postulate that electrons are physical objects that obey classical physical laws. Indeed, ionization energies, excitation energies, etc. are computed based on picturing electrons as ‘bubbles’ of charge that symmetrically surround a nucleus. Hence, for example, simple algebraic expressions based on Newtonian force balances are used to predict ionization energies and stable excitation states with remarkable precision. One of the most startling predictions of the model is that there are stable ‘sizes’ of the hydrogen atom electron (bubble diameter) that are smaller (‘hydrinos') than that calculated for the ‘ground state’. Experimental evidence in support of this novel physical/classical version of quantum is alleged to be found in the existence of super-heated hydrogen atoms reported by many teams in a variety of plasmas. It is postulated that the energy required for creating super-heated H atoms comes from the shrinkage of ground state H atoms to form hydrinos. This claim is discussed with reference to a brief review of the published studies of selective Balmer series line broadening in pure H₂ and mixed gas plasmas, and astrophysical data.     

从《洛阳伽蓝记》论北魏洛阳城市佛寺园林

《洛阳伽蓝记》详尽记载了北魏时期洛阳佛寺．该文据此对我国佛寺园林发展的历史背景和北魏洛阳城市佛寺园林的形制特征、文化特质以及对后世寺庙园林的历史影响进行了分析概括.     

Architectural survey of historical buildings: The orders of classical architecture in the Baptistery of Florence

The survey of historic buildings is very important for architectural conservation. An integral survey allows perpetuating the building historical memory, deciphering it for future generations, and recovering it in case of accidental loss. The Baptistery of Florence survey was done with four measuring methods: the “direct” one, which employs traditional measuring tools; the “indirect” one, which expedites the dimension-gathering process with more precision; and the “photogrammetric” one, which uses snapshots to facilitate the representation process with computers. An innovative measuring concept, known here as the “recovery survey”, synthetizes graphical reality so that irregularitiesddue to the project materialization and deterioration over timeddisappear; therefore, retrieving the building original design. Columns with their bases, shafts and capitals, as well as entablatures with their architraves, friezes and cornices were under study. The three Greek orders (Doric, Ionic and Corinthian) together with the two roman orders (Tuscan and Composite) unveiled the classical architecture significance. These constituents, which reoccur inside and outside the baptistery, were measured as part of these holistic survey and recovery process, to achieve the objective of this research study: the recording of this world historical building through an integral survey and rilievo to decode its significance and symbolism.     

“西风东渐”的在地实践：汉口租界园林钩沉

汉口在19世纪中叶第二次鸦片战争后被辟为通商口岸,各国租界相继设立,租界园林应运而生,在引入各宗主国园林营造风格的同时,为在留外人提供了亟须的生活与娱乐空间,也是彰显殖民政治霸权的窗口。但有限的土地资源、水患频仍的自然条件,使汉口租界园林规模与发展远不及上海、天津等沿海通商口岸城市,也相应形成了鲜明的“在地性”：各国租界园林以建筑附属园林为主,甚至催生了屋顶花园的园林类型,但也限制了宗主国园林营造风格的充分植入;“公园”这一在其他城市租界早已普及的园林形式,在有效控制水患、进而获得更多可资利用的建设用地之后,才在20世纪20年代经由日本人之手有所建置。此外,各国租界出于营商便利沿长江串联排布,并随之形成了近代汉口特有的外滩“绿带”风景线。汉口租界园林奠定了近代以租界为轴心的绿地系统雏形,促进了华界屋顶花园、营商经营性园林的建设,对汉口的近代化发展具有重要的历史意义。