湛江海域结构性海洋土的工程特性及其微观机制

对琼州海峡湛江海域的一种海洋土的基本性质进行了系统的试验研究。该海洋土的物理性质较差，按土质分类属于淤泥，但其压缩变形特征与强度指标有别于一般性淤泥或淤泥质土，表观先期固结压力pc值为100～125kPa，无侧限抗压强度qu达50kPa左右，灵敏度大于12，抗剪强度也相对较高，具有一定的结构强度，是一种结构性软土。初步从矿物组成、物理化学性质、胶结特性与孔隙结构特征几方面分析了其特殊工程性质的微观机制，揭示了其影响爆炸挤淤施工的机理。     

粉土抗液化性能的微观分析

通过对不同粘粒含量和不同时间情况下的重塑粉土进行扫描电镜的实验分析,初步了解了其在不同粘粒含量下以及时效下的微观结构的变化规律,以及粉土的微观结构与其抗液化性能之间的关系。通过对粉土微观照片的分析,得出结论：含天然黏土颗粒的粉土,其微观结构特性在黏粒含量为Pc=9%附近发生变化。即黏粒含量Pc＝9％为粉土土性变化的－转折点。     

摩擦副表面微结构及其超声复合电加工技术研究

设计了圆形、正方形及菱形三种截面形状微结构;用微细电加工技术组合制作了微结构加工工具;构造、完善了超声复合微细电加工系统;进行了微结构超声复合电加工试验,并分析了其加工的工艺特性。进行了摩擦学特性试验,结果表明,具有规则形貌微结构的摩擦副表面摩擦因数及磨损量均减小,研究成果对提高重要摩擦副的使用性能与寿命具有理论意义和工程应用价值。      

激光熔覆制备颗粒增强Ni基复合涂层的组织结构

利用横流CO2激光器在45钢表面制备出原位自生TiB2陶瓷颗粒增强Ni基复合材料涂层。XRD分析表明,涂层中存在γ-(Ni,Fe)固溶体及TiB2为主的陶瓷相。利用SEM、EDS、EPMA对涂层微区组织结构进行研究。结果表明,涂层内枝晶组织细小均匀,枝晶内和枝晶间存在明显的组织和成分差异。热影响区是以混合马氏体为主的组织。涂层显微硬度比基体显著提高。     

膨胀石墨CuCl2-EGICs的微观结构TEM研究

采用透射电镜研究了以膨胀石墨为主体材料合成的ＣｕＣｌ２－ＥＧＩＣｓ微观结构,包括垂直和平行石墨碳原子层的层间结构,层面结构,根据Ｘ射线衍射参数计算获得２、３、４阶ＣｕＣｌ２－ＥＧＩＣｓ的层间距Ｉｃ值,与理论计算值近拟。     

Heat-induced Egg White Gels as Affected by pH

The functional properties of heat-induced egg white gels were investigated at five pH values. Textural characteristics were determined using the Instron Universal Machine. Hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness, chewiness, and fracturability were maximum at pH 11. Hunter L values were maximum at pH 5 and 7. Microstructure studied with electron microscopy was distinctly different at the five pH values. Alkaline gels showed a fine ordered network that might have contributed to excellent textural characteristics. Water-holding capacity (WHC) was high at alkaline pH, but decreased with addition of 2-mercaptoethanol, suggesting that disulfide bonds were important in egg white gels. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) improved WHC at pH 7 and 9. No significant correlation was observed between textural profiles and WHC.     

INFLUENCE OF CELL SIZE AND CELL WALL VOLUME FRACTION ON FAILURE PROPERTIES OF POTATO AND CARROT TISSUE

This article presents the influence of cell size and cell wall volume fraction on the failure parameters of potato tuber and carrot tissue. Confocal scanning laser microscope was used for obtaining images of the cell structure of the tissues. The mean cell face area and the cell wall volume fraction obtained from the images was compared with work to failure, failure stress, failure strain and secant modulus obtained in a compression test of potato and carrot tissue at two strain rates. Bigger cells and less amount of cell wall material weakened the tissue, which was visible as a linear decrease in the parameters: work to failure, failure stress and failure strain. There were differences between potato and carrot in the secant modulus. For carrot, the secant modulus changed with microstructural parameters, whereas for potato, the secant modulus did not depend on these values. The strain rate decreases all the failure properties for potato. For carrot, only the work to failure was affected by the strain rate.     

逐层微细电阻滑焊工艺制备三维微结构

采用飞秒激光切割和微细电阻滑焊组合的方法制备了高深宽比的三维微结构。为了提高每层二维微结构的叠加精度和连接强度,用逐层微细电阻滑焊对每层二维微结构进行滑焊以获得较好的工艺参数。对上述工艺参数所制备的微结构进行了抗剪切能力测试,测试结果显示:随着滑焊放电次数的增加,微结构的极限剪切力由8.04N逐渐增加至65.97N。而后,通过能量分散光谱仪(EDS)对电极的沉积效应进行了研究。最后,在120mW的飞秒激光,50μm/s的切割速度,0.21V的焊接电压,0.2MPa的焊接压强,100ms的预压时间,10ms的焊接时间以及160次的滑焊放电次数等工艺参数下制备了基本尺寸为50μm×50μm的微方孔阵列以及微齿轮结构。实验结果表明:通过逐层微细电阻滑焊制备的微结构表面质量良好,各层微结构之间叠加较好,显示逐层微细电阻滑焊可以较好地保证三维微结构中各层二维微结构的连接强度和叠层精度。     

微结构内纳秒脉冲空气放电中微通道的形成及高能电子的产生过程(英文)

The investigations results of the different types of high-voltage nanosecond atmospheric discharges(diffusive in the gaps "wire(cathode)-plane", "rod(cathode)-plane", spark "point-plane" and in homogeneous gaps "plane-plane", as well as streamerless discharges in homogeneous gaps "plane-plane") are present. It was found out that the current channels prints, left on the electrodes surface, has the microstructure. The microstructure is a cluster(up to 1 000) of the microchannels of 1~30 μm diameters almost evenly distributed on the channels section. It was found out that in some cases the discharges develop in the regime of microstructuring of the current channels, are accompanied by generation of high-energy electrons and x-ray radiation. In this case the generation of high-energy component is stipulated by the electrons runaway in the microchannels. The calculation results of the electric field in clusters of parallel microchannels in the frameworks of the model of a bundle of parallel long cylindrical conductors are present. It is shown that in the clusters with many microchannels in the result of mutual attenuation of their fields maximum strength of the radial field could be lower than the critical one, which is necessary for ionization multiplication and expansion. This provides long existence of microchannels groups of microns radii in the high-voltage nanosecond discharges. A physical model of the streamerless discharge microstructure formation at the result of instability development of the ionization process in the avalanche stage is developed. It was established that the instability has long wave character and leads to formation of self-similar spatial structure. It is shown that the microstructure of the streamer discharges could be explained in the frameworks of this model. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of dynamics of microchannels system of high-voltage nanosecond discharges in the air of atmospheric pressure is performed in hydrodynamic approximation. It is established that fast(≈10 ns) expansion and significant decreasing of the gas concentration in the microchannels takes place at the expense of ohmic heating of the microchannels. It is shown that the microchannels expansion provides increase of electric field and gas concentration ratio up to the values that are sufficient for high-energy electrons beams and bremsstrahlung generation in them.     

电解复合超声频振动微细加工机理与试验研究

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进行了电解复合超声频振动加工微结构的基础试验,分析了微电流电解过程钝化现象,研究了超声频振动冲击波及负压空化作用消除电解钝化作用机理。分析了电解加工方式与超声频振动协调同步方法,设计和构造了微细电解复合压电式超声频振动微细加工系统。利用微细特种加工技术制作各类截面形状、尺寸的微细阴极。进行了多种材料微结构的复合加工试验,并验证了电解复合超声频振动方法实现微细加工可行性与技术优势,研究了应用该工艺进行微结构加工的工艺特性。