A global optimal formulation for the water integration in eco-industrial parks considering multiple pollutants

A mathematical programming formulation for the water integration in eco-industrial parks considering streams with several pollutants is presented. The formulation is based on a superstructure that allows the wastewater reuse in the same plant, the water exchange with different plants, and a shared set of interceptors that must be selected to determine the network configuration that satisfies process equipments and environmental constraints. The model formulation considers wastewater with several pollutants, and optimizes the network according to the minimum total annual cost, which includes the costs of fresh water, piping and regeneration. A new discretization approach is also proposed to handle the large set of bilinear terms that appear in the model in order to yield a near global optimal solution. The results obtained in several examples show considerable savings with respect to the solutions of the individual plant integration policy commonly employed for these types of problems.     

PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE/NATURAL RUBBER/RECYCLE RUBBER POWDER BLENDS

Thermoplastic elastomers have been prepared by blending polypropylene (PP), natural rubber (NR), and recycle rubber powder (RRP). The blends were melt-mixed using a Brabender Plasticorder torque rheometer at 190°C and 50 rpm. A fixed 70:30 blend ratio (wt%) of PP and rubber was prepared. The effect of partial replacement of NR with RRP at a fixed rubber content (NR+RRP), 30 wt% on mechanical properties, swelling behavior, torque development, and morphological properties of PP/NR/RRP blends was studied. Results show that the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and swelling resistance increase with increasing RRP content in the PP/NR/RRP blends whereas the stabilization torque and elongation at break exhibit opposite trend.     

脱碳系统闪蒸气回收利用的实践

东方终端现有两套脱碳装置,其中二期脱碳系统闪蒸气,投产以来都是直接放空。闪蒸气排放中含有部分的甲烷气体,直接放空既浪费了宝贵能源,又造成环境污染。东方终端根据现场实际提出闪蒸气回收利用方案,将闪蒸气增压至3.3MPa后,进入到脱碳吸收塔进行处理,将闪蒸气中的甲烷气体进行回收。该项目的成功实施,每年可回收310万方甲烷气体,项目减少了温室气体排放,符合国家节能减排政策,具有良好的经济和社会效益。     

气升式反应器内三相条件下流动行为研究Ⅱ——循环液速的影响

在一个体积为8L（直径96mm,高为1800mm）带导流筒的气升式反应器内,模拟两相（空气-水,空气-水-乙醇）系统和三相（空气-水-玻璃珠,空气-水-乙醇-淀粉）系统,改变给气流量,导流管直径,乙醇浓度,玻璃珠直径,固含率,淀粉含量,系统温度,以及操作方式考察了以上因素对气升式反应器内循环液速的影响。研究表明：随着上升气体表观速度的增加,导流简直径的增加,床内循环液速也增加;在固含率一定条件下,固含物粒径烊大,循环液速也越大;溶液浓度增加,循环液速也增加;床层中的固含率增加,而循环液速减小;系统温度增加,循环液速增加;环隙给气方式可以与中心导流简给气方式都可采用,但是环隙给气时怕循环液速小于中心导流筒给气方式的循环液速。     

油浆过滤技术及其应用

采用美国PALL公司技术,对重油催化裂化油浆进行过滤,降低油浆中的固体含量,提高产品油浆质量,分离出的含催化剂固体和杂质的油浆进提升管回炼,以提高油浆产品质量,减少污染,增加效益。     

Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activities of titanate nanotubes surface-decorated by zinc oxide nanoparticles

Nanoscaled zinc oxide (ZnO) particles with different amounts are coated on titanate nanotubes (TNTs) by a facile chemical method at room temperature. The characterizations of XPS, TEM, XRD and UV-vis spectra confirm that pure hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of about 9nm are distributed on the surfaces of TNTs evenly and attached strongly. The photocatalytic activities of the ZnO-TNTs nanocomposite are superior to those of P25, ZnO, TNTs and ZnO-anatase TiO2 (TNP) nanocomposite in the oxidation of rhodamine B under UV light irradiation. A comparison of the photocatalytic activities between different catalysts is discussed. Furthermore, we also find that the ZnO-TNT nanocomposite shows very favorable recycle use potential, because they have a high sedimentation rate and their photocatalytic activity is only slightly decreased even after five times of repeated uses.     

Possible methods of recycling NdFeB-type sintered magnets using the HD/degassing process

With the rapid growth in the use of NdFeB-type magnets and with the growing environmental need to conserve both energy and raw materials, the recycling of these magnets is becoming an ever important issue. In this paper it is demonstrated that hydrogen could play a vital role in this process. Fully dense sintered NdFeB-type magnets have been subjected to the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process. The resultant powder has been subsequently processed in one of two ways in order to produce permanent magnets. Firstly, the powder was subjected to a vacuum degassing treatment over a range of temperatures up to 1000 °C in order to produce powder that would be suitable for the production of anisotropic bonded or hot pressed magnets. Secondly, the HD-powder has been used to produce fully dense sintered magnets; in which case optimisation of the milling time, sintering temperature and time was carried out. The optimum degassing temperature for coercive powder was found to be 700 °C, giving powder with a remanence (Br) of 1350 mT (±50 mT) and an intrinsic coercivity (Hcj) of 750 kA m⁻¹ (±50 kA m⁻¹). The best sintered magnet was produced by very lightly milling the powder (30 min, roller ball mill), aligning, pressing and vacuum sintering at 1080 °C for 1 h. The magnetic properties of this magnet were: (BH)_max = 290 kJ m⁻³ (±5 kJ m⁻³), Br = 1240 mT (±50 mT) and Hcj = 830 kA m⁻¹ (±50 kA m⁻¹); representing decreases of 15%, 10% and 20%, respectively, from the properties of the initial magnet.     

Comparison of Economics of Various Ozone Generation Systems

The specific production costs of ozone are presented for a capacity range of 1 to 1,000 kg/h ozone for various plant configurations and air or oxygen as feed gas, and for air preparation, liquid oxygen delivered to site, oxygen produced on–site and/or oxygen recycle systems. The influence of operating parameters such as ozone concentration or on–stream time are studied. Ozone is often considered to be “expensive”. It is difficult to pinpoint the rationale behind this statement. It could be caused by the difficulty to compare a chemical (ozone) which is produced on–site and requires a plant investment, with chemicals (such as chlorine) which are bought as such and delivered to the plant. It is certainly influenced by the fact that the economy of utilizing ozone s i not easily quantified. This paper presents an attempt to quantify the economics of ozone production for a wide range of production capacities, ranging from 1 to 1,000 kg/h. Different operating conditions are compared as well as different plant concepts. In order t o assure a meaningful comparison, certain parameters are common for all cases.     

矿产资源领域走循环经济之路探索

循环经济的本质是强调减少资源消耗，走内涵发展道路，不断提高资源利用效率，提高经济增长的质量和效益。本文从循环经济的理念出发，针对我国目前矿产资源现状及所面临的问题，提出了在矿产资源领域发展循环经济的几点建议。     

影响循环氢压缩机长周期运行因素分析

通过对影响循环氢压缩机联锁停车因素进行分析,采取相应措施,加强设备、仪表的操作、维护 和检修,实现了机组长周期运行。