磁流变液阻尼器控制下贯流式机组轴系碰摩振动特性分析

针对贯流式水轮发电机组轴系受多振源引发的振动问题,基于线性接触力和库伦摩擦力组成的叶尖碰摩力模型,建立综合考虑不平衡磁拉力、油膜力以及不平衡水力等外激励影响下的机组转子–转轮–轴承系统碰摩动力学模型。为抑制转轮叶片振动诱发的碰摩故障,将一种电流调节式磁流变液阻尼器引入系统,采用数值方法研究有无磁流变液阻尼器在不同转速及转轮质量偏心下对转轮振动的抑制规律。结果表明：磁流变液阻尼器的存在使原本复杂的系统响应形式变得有序,能够减弱机组在转速变化过程中产生的振动,使转轮运动更为贴近同步周期运动形式;同时,可缩减因质量偏心变化造成的混沌行为并减小其振幅波动。磁流变液阻尼被动控制对贯流式水轮发电机组具有良好的适用性,可为贯流式机组轴系减振提供有益借鉴。     

Optimal design of a tunable electromagnetic shunt damper for dynamic vibration absorber

Dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) is an effective device for suppressing resonant vibration of noisy machineries and structures. However, the optimum design of DVA requires precise tuning of the damping force in the DVA, which unfortunately is often not practical and prone to changes of working conditions. In this paper, a tunable electromagnetic shunt damper (EMSD) with different opposing magnet pairs configurations is tested for the optimum design of DVA. The optimum magnet pairs configuration is derived to provide the maximum damping force in the DVA. Both simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the damping coefficient variation with the number of magnet pairs in the EMSD. The experimental optimization procedure of the DVA is designed according to the fixed-points theory. The damping force generated by the EMSD can be readily adjusted by varying the external resistance of the EMSD. This is the first experimental implementation report of the optimization procedure described in the fixed-points theory. The proposed tunable EMSD can conveniently allow for onsite optimal tuning of DVA. The proposed design methodology provides fine tuning of the damping coefficient of EMSD to achieve robust optimal DVA performance, even when subject to changes of external parasitic damping.     

LCL型多逆变器并网系统谐振研究综述

多逆变器并网系统谐振将威胁电网的稳定运行。由于具备较好滤波效果,LCL型滤波器常被作为并网逆变器的输出滤波器。鉴于近年来又有很多LCL型多逆变器并网系统谐振机理分析和抑制方法被提出,有必要进一步梳理和总结。首先,介绍了多逆变器并网发电系统电路拓扑及等效电路。然后,梳理了频域分析法、模态分析法和多输入多输出模型分析法的基本概念及其在系统谐振机理分析中取得的新成果。接着,重点介绍了有源阻尼法、阻抗重塑法和采用有源阻尼器在系统谐振抑制方面的优点和局限性,揭示了虚拟电阻和陷波器的应用是上述方法的关键技术。同时,还分析了分层控制、控制器参数优化以及系统配置优化在系统谐振抑制方面的应用。最后,从新型电力系统建设趋势的角度,认为多逆变器并网系统正朝着大规模、多参数和不同控制方法并用的复杂系统方向发展,需要多种分析方法相结合才能准确分析其谐振机理。对于多逆变器并网谐振的抑制方法而言,传统有源阻尼法、阻抗重塑法和有源阻尼器将得到进一步深入研究,谐振在线监测技术或将成为该研究新的突破口。     

多级蜿蜒磁路式磁流变阻尼器的设计与分析

为了改善磁流变阻尼器的阻尼特性,设计了一种多级蜿蜒磁路式磁流变阻尼器。该磁流变阻尼器通过导磁环和阻磁环的堆叠来引导磁感线的走向,迫使磁感线数次穿过磁流变阻尼器的节流通道,提高了节流通道的利用效率。建立了考虑磁流变液非线性流动特性的数学模型,并通过有限元方法进行了磁路分析,进而对所设计的磁流变阻尼器的特性进行预测。将所设计的磁流变阻尼器的阻尼特性与具有相同体积的传统磁流变阻尼器进行了比较,包括可控阻尼力、等效阻尼和动态范围。结果显示在正弦激励速度为0.125m/s,并通入2.0A电流的情形下,所设计的磁流变阻尼器的最大可控阻尼力为11 000N,约为传统磁流变阻尼器的2.3倍。此外,所设计的磁流变阻尼器并没有使零场情形下的阻尼力增大。所设计的磁流变阻尼器具有优良的阻尼性能,适用于广泛的工程减振应用。     

Magnetorheological nanofinishing of BK7 glass for lens manufacturing

BK7 is a high-quality crown glass which is used where additional benefits such as temperature sensitive applications of fused silica glass are not required. Due to very low inclusion content with extremely low bubbles, BK7 glass can find its application in lens manufacturing. The present work focuses on nanofinishing of the BK7 glass specimen for ratifying its utility in practical application. A programmable logic controlled 3-axis motions are fed to the magnetorheological (MR) rotating tool for finishing the glass specimen. MR polishing fluid used for nanofinishing consists of deionized water, magnetic iron particles, and cerium oxide powder. Under the influence of magnetic field, the stiffened MR polishing fluid is assisted in reducing the surface roughness of glass up to nanolevel range. Optical properties such as transmittance, absorbance, and reflectance of finished BK7 glass are analyzed and found suitable for lens manufacturing. Results of higher surface quality with excellent finishing are obtained by the present MR finishing process. After 90?min of finishing, the surface roughness values R_a and R_q are reduced to 17 and 27?nm from the initial values of 41 and 57?nm, respectively. To study the surface morphology, scanning electron microscopy is performed on BK7 glass.     

减速带激励下汽车的非线性振动特性分析

研究了在减速带激励下具有磁流变阻尼器悬架系统汽车的非线性动力学行为.汽车采用七自由度模型,磁流变阻尼器采用Sigmoid模型.根据第二类Lagrange方程建立了汽车振动微分方程,并采用四阶Runge-Kutta法进行了数值仿真.首先以减速带高度为参数对汽车运动进行分岔分析,然后通过时间历程图、相位图、Poincaré截面分析了汽车在不同减速带高度时所呈现的不同运动形式,得到了系统发生混沌运动时减速带的高度范围,并分析了系统经拟周期运动通向混沌运动的途径.研究结果为汽车平顺性控制和安全性设计提供了理论指导.     

High-resolution venography of the brain using magnetic resonance imaging

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a non-flow related magnetic resonance imaging method to visualize small veins independent of arteries in the human brain. A long TE, high-resolution 3D gradient echo MR acquisition was used to highlight venous information. The method is based on the paramagnetic property of deoxyhemoglobin and the resulting phase difference between veins and brain parenchyma at long echo times. The MR magnitude images were masked with a phase mask filter to enhance small structure visibility.. Venous information down to sub-pixel vessel diameters of several hundred microns is visible. Venous data are displayed in an angiographic manner using a minimum intensity projection algorithm. Both superficial veins and deep white matter veins are visible. The method has been successfully applied in volunteers. Preliminary results in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations indicate its potential in clinical applications. The proposed method is easy to implement and does not require administration of a contrast agent or application of specially designed rf pulses to highlight the veins. Rather it exploits the intrinsic magnetic properties (BOLD-effect) and the prolonged T ^_2* of venous blood. The method may be of diagnostic potential in the assessment of arteriovenous malformations or other vascular venous lesions. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.     

Low-field magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis in patients with anal dynamic graciloplasty: initial experience

The aim of this study was to determine whether low-field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can safely and accurately depict inflammatory changes in patients with anal dynamic graciloplasty, in whom high-field MR imaging is contraindicated and ultrasonography and computed tomography are inadequate. A 0.2-T field-strength MR examination was performed in six patients with anal dynamic graciloplasty malfunction in whom reoperation was contemplated. The following sequences were applied:T ₂-weighted turbo spinecho with fat saturation,T ₁-weighted conventional spin-echo, and contrastenhancedT ₁-weighted conventional spin-echo with fat saturation. Results indicated that none of the patients experienced relevant discomfort, pacemaker malfunction, or electrode dislocation with low-field MR imaging. Inflammatory pelvic changes were visualized in four patients and atrophy of the transposed gracilis muscle in another. Surgery was thus avoided in the four, who underwent conservative treatment for their pelvic inflammation. It was concluded that these prelininary results demonstrate the feasibility of MR imaging with a low field strength in patients with anal dynamic graciloplasty. In such patients, in whom diagnostic imaging had been problematic, the potential for safe and accurate visualization will be a boon to treatment planning.     

Retrospective analysis for evaluation of the value of contrast-enhanced MRI in patients treated with breast conservative therapy

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the value of contrast-enhanced (c.-e.) MRI in the follow-up of patients with conservatively treated breast cancer since detection and exclusion of malignancy may interfere significantly with posttherapeutic changes within the treated breast. Material and methods A total of 207 patients with a history of limited surgery and radiation therapy underwent MR imaging, 40 patients were examined 0–12 months and 167 patients were examined later than 12 months after radiotherapy. Suspicious or indeterminate findings were suggested by clinical examination or conventional imaging in 80 studies. In 127 women, MRI was performed within breast tissue that was difficult to assess due to scarring or dense breast tissue. Results Recurrent carcinoma was confirmed in 27 patients by surgical biopsy. All 27 carcinomas, except for one with a slow signal increase, demonstrated early rise of signal intensity on dynamic T1-weighted contrast enhanced images. During the first year after therapy, the diagnostic accuracy could not be improved by additional use of c.-e. MRI. Differentiation between posttherapeutic changes and recurrent carcinoma was frequently not possible because of strong and sometimes early and ill-circumscribed enhancement. Later than 12 months after therapy enhancement decreased significantly, thus the false positive calls could be reduced from 49 (conventional imaging) to 12 (conventional imaging plus MRI). A total of 12 of 26 recurrences and multifocality in 4/5 cases were diagnosed by MR imaging alone at this time interval. Conclusion In the first year after therapy, c.-e. MRI is only indicated in selected cases. The results later than 12 months emphasize that c.-e. MRI may contribute significant additional information. It allows better distinction of posttherapeutic fibrosis from recurrent carcinoma and proved to be able to detect recurrent disease more sensitive and at an earlier stage.