错金工艺及对其运用的探讨

为了继承和发扬错金工艺，从其定义出发，探讨了该工艺在中国古代及国外的发展与应用以及笔者对该工艺的实验研究。针对在错金工艺实践过程中出现的问题，在查阅了相关的资料后，对传统错金工艺的实现方法提出了质疑。     

Composition and morphology of char particles of fly ashes from industrial burning of high-ash coals with different reactivity

A comparative investigation of the composition and the morphology of char particles was conducted: char particles were recovered from fly ashes of two power stations in Russia from burning of high- and low-reactivity high-ash coals; the known results of studies of char particles generated in laboratory conditions from coals characterized according to the ASTM D388-98a standard were also used. The composition of organic and mineral components of different fraction char particles was studied. An inverse correlation between the content of the organic substance and the iron content in char particles was identified. The morphology of the char particles for the three main types (Cenospheric, Network and Solid) and the influence of coal reactivity and temperature on char morphology were investigated. The morphology of the mineral component of char particles of the two varieties of coals was also studied. It was shown that the high-temperature of industrial burning of Ekibastuz coal results in melting of the mineral substance and forming of micron-scale microspheres located in the lamellar porous structure of the carbon matrix.     

阿曼Daleel油田分支井钻井液技术研究

对Daleel油田作业5区三分支水平井DL-59井井下复杂情况分析,室内测定了引起复杂情况的Nahr Umr泥页岩地层的矿物组分和粘土矿物含量,优选了适应在该泥页岩地层215.9 mm造斜井段的钻井液配方中的各种处理剂,最后研制出钻井液配方,通过DL-73井应用后,取得了良好的防塌效果.     

Effect of thermophoresis on particle deposition rate from a natural convection flow onto a vertical wavy plate

This research discusses the impacts of the surface area that the wavy surface gets more than the flat plate upon the aerosol particle deposition. Starting from the full Navier–Stokes equation, the mathematical analysis takes the thermophoretic motion formed by the temperature gradient and the fluid thermal expansion into consideration, and converts the governing equations into the boundary layer equation by the simple coordinate transformation and non-similarity method, and then works out these equations by the Spline Alternating-Direction Implicit method (SADI). The numerical value result reveals that the average deposition effect of the wavy plate is greater than the flat plate and that the increasing rate is nearly equal to the value obtained by dividing the surface area that the wavy plate gets more than the flat plate by 2.2.     

小浪底大坝心墙中高孔隙水压力的研究

土石坝的施工会在大坝心墙和地基中产生超静孔隙水压力。对于高土石坝，施工期心墙防渗体内产生的超静孔隙水压力难以有效消散，因此坝体内部可能会出现较高的孔隙水压力，这对大坝的稳定性和安全性将产生重要影响。黄河小浪底大坝坝高154m，是目前国内已建最高的心墙土石坝。本文利用基于Biot理论和剑桥模型的有限元固结程序对该大坝进行了二维平面应变固结分析，计算施工期及坝体竣工后心墙内的孔隙水压力。计算发现，坝体竣工时心墙中将出现较高的孔隙水压力，最大值为1250kPa，是上覆盖土重的62．5％，长期的观测资料也发现心墙内的孔隙水压力比较高。对比实测数据和有限元计算结果，发现小浪底心墙中出现最大的孔隙水压力可达1400kPa，而且实测消散速度要远小于有限元预测结果。这一结果充分说明高土石坝中可能产生较高的孔隙水压力，对此应予以足够的重视。     

泥页岩稳定性的化学与力学耦合研究

泥页岩井壁失稳的化学与力学耦合作用是井壁稳定性研究中较为关注的问题，对该问题的国内外研究现状作了较为详细的调研，对泥页岩水化和泥页岩稳定问题进行了全面的研究回顾与现状分析。尤其是重点分析了90年代以来出现的将泥页岩水化的力学问题与化学问题相互耦合的研究。     

Quantification of the layer dispersion degree in polymer layered silicate nanocomposites by transmission electron microscopy

As the performance of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites strongly depends on their interior layer dispersion, quantification of the layer dispersion degree is needed. In this work, a new methodology was developed to determine the dispersion parameter D_0.1, based on the measurement of the free-path spacing distance between the single clay sheets from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Several examples of exfoliated, intercalated, and immiscible composites were studied. It was found that the exfoliated composites had D_0.1 over 8%, while that of intercalated composites were between 4 and 8%. In the case of intercalation, a high frequency peak appeared at a short spacing distance in the histogram, which was a characteristic of the intercalation, distinct from the exfoliation. The main utility of this TEM methodology is for the quantification of exfoliated or intercalated samples with small number of layers with stacks. The dispersion parameter D_0.1 below 4% was suggested to classify as immiscible. A unique advantage of the TEM measurement is that the dispersion degree of different fillers can be counted individually.     

Influence of zero-loss filtering on electron optical phase contrast

Complex scattering amplitudes are used to calculate the phase contrast of colloidal gold particles. Comparison of measurements of the phase contrast intensity at the centre of the gold particle as a function of defocus for unfiltered and zero-loss filtered images demonstrates the increase in phase contrast achieved by zero-loss filtering even for a thick carbon substrate film. The granulation of amorphous germanium films is measured by the spatial rms (root mean square) values of image intensity in a defocus series.     

提高润滑油基础油氧化安定性的组合工艺

以生产润滑油基础油的老三套工艺为基础，开发了改善油品氧化安定性的组合工艺。该工艺的主要特点是包括一步络合脱氮过程。实验证明，该组合工艺既可以有效地提高基础油的氧化安定性，又能降低溶剂精制深度，提高基础油收率。     

中国含油气盆地砂泥岩黏土矿物的组合类型

通过对国内15个含油气盆地10余万块砂，泥岩样品黏土X射线衍射分析资料和地质特征的分析，将我国含油气盆地的黏土矿物组合划分为两大类共12种，分别代表不同的沉积和成岩环境，常见黏土矿物组合类型中，组合1～5分别代表早成岩A、B及晚成岩A、B、C等5种不同的成岩环境，组合6常见于高渗透储集层或煤系地层，组合7多见于生油凹陷中的低渗透储集层；特殊黏土矿物组合类型中，组合8反映膨润土夹层，组合9层映造山带深部地层不断剥蚀的快速堆积环境，组合10反映基性火山岩物源，组合11反映快速剥蚀堆积或富钾的沉积环境，组合12反映于旱富镁的沉积环境。