水解酸化+接触氧化法+紫外线消毒处理医院污水

介绍水解酸化 接触氧化法 紫外线消毒工艺处理医院污水的工程设计、施工和运行情况。结果表明:处理系统运行稳定,操作管理简单方便,耐冲击负荷,运转费用低,处理效果好,出水水质优于广东省地方标准《水污染物排放限值》(DB44/26-2001)第二时段一级标准。     

Disinfection of Rice Seeds Prior to Sprouting

Different methods of rice seeds disinfection were investigated in order to limit the development of micro-organisms during sprouting. At room temperature, sodium hypochlorite at 1000 ppm or hydrogen peroxide resulted in a 2 to 3 log decrease in aerobic plate counts. Ethanol was found to inhibit germination, thus prohibiting its use. The limited effectiveness of decontaminating solutions could be because they did not access the bacteria, which was supported by the results of washing with benzalkonium chloride. Greater reduction (up to 5 log) was obtained by soaking seeds for 5 min in a sodium hypochlorite solution at 60°C.     

KCX-1型快速齿科手机消毒器

口腔齿科手机是HBV、HCV、HIV等血液传播性疾病和消化道传染病的传播媒介。采用激光泵浦光源在辐射过程中产生的瞬间高温、丰富的光谱分布的强光作为载体,对齿科手机进行快速、彻底、无损伤的消毒灭菌。     

X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction study of cementitious materials derived from coal combustion by-products

Cementitious materials derived from coal combustion by-products have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and S and Ca K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis revealed that these materials are a complex mixture of a small amount of quartz [SiO₂] and three calcium-bearing compounds: hannebachite [CaSO₃·1/2H₂O], gypsum [CaSO₄·2H₂O] and ettringite [(Ca₆(Al(OH)₆)₂(SO₄)₃·26H₂O)]. Analysis of the S XAFS data focused on deconvolution of the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) regions of the spectra. This analysis established that sulfate and sulfite are the two major sulfur forms, with a minor thiophenic component contained in unburned carbon in the fly ash. Increasing sulfate and decreasing sulfite correlated well with increasing gypsum and ettringite and decreasing hannebachite content in the samples. Different calcium compounds were identified primarily through simple comparison of the Ca K-edge XANES and radial structure functions (RSFs) of the cementitious samples with those of reference compounds. Because of the complex coordination chemistry of calcium in these materials, it was difficult to obtain detailed local atomic environment information around calcium beyond the first CaO peak. Analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and the RSF gave average CaO distances in the range 2.44-2.5 Å, with each calcium atom surrounded roughly by eight oxygen atoms. In certain samples, the average CaO distances were close to that in ettringite (2.51 Å), suggesting that these samples have higher ettringite content. The results of S and Ca K-edges XAFS and the XRD data were in reasonable agreement.     

Recovering Bioactive Compounds from Olive Oil Filter Cake by Advanced Extraction Techniques

The potential of by-products generated during extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) filtration as a natural source of phenolic compounds (with demonstrated bioactivity) has been evaluated using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and considering mixtures of two GRAS (generally recognized as safe) solvents (ethanol and water) at temperatures ranging from 40 to 175 °C. The extracts were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode array detection (DAD) and electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF/MS) to determine the phenolic-composition of the filter cake. The best isolation procedure to extract the phenolic fraction from the filter cake was accomplished using ethanol and water (50:50, v/v) at 120 °C. The main phenolic compounds identified in the samples were characterized as phenolic alcohols or derivatives (hydroxytyrosol and its oxidation product), secoiridoids (decarboxymethylated and hydroxylated forms of oleuropein and ligstroside aglycones), flavones (luteolin and apigenin) and elenolic acid derivatives. The PLE extraction process can be applied to produce enriched extracts with applications as bioactive food ingredients, as well as nutraceuticals.     

二氧化氯消毒工艺在制水生产中的应用分析

獭湖水厂采用二氧化氯作为消毒剂。针对二氧化氯的投加方式、消毒效果、消毒成本进行了分析。研究结果表明二氧化氯作为一种高效、安全、无毒的的消毒剂在饮用水处理中有广阔的应用前景。     

管网中的饮用水消毒副产物研究进展

控制管网中消毒副产物生成是研究热点,对管网消毒副产物变化规律进行研究,可为控制管网消毒副产物提供指导。在管网中,余氯、季节变化和管材是影响管网消毒副产物的重要因素,余氯量越大,THMs和HAAs的量就越多;季节变化主要会影响化学作用和微生物活性,消毒副产物的生成速率随温度的升高而显著加快,夏秋生成的消毒副产物更多,春冬生成的消毒副产物相对少一些;铁管的腐蚀能使消毒副产物增加,但产生的Fe2＋也能使部分消毒副产物被还原。HAAs与AOC前体物间具有相似性,含量呈正相关性,存在较好的线形关系。     

基于EM78P419N单片机的消毒烘干机的设计

为了改善传统烘干机烘手时间长、易交叉感染、可靠性低等问题,进行了消毒干手机的设计。该设计利用红外技术检测信号,再将光信号转换成电信号送入EM78P419N单片机,通过单片机的处理后,启动电磁阀和滴水泵进行消毒。定时完成后,启动加热器和风扇进行烘干。整个过程完全自动控制,避免了交叉感染,手伸即喷,手离即停。同时,研制出的样品具有成本低、体积小、可靠性高、干手时间短等优点,在各类人员聚集或流动的场所应用广泛。     

谈污水处理中的紫外线消毒

简述了城市污水消毒标准与消毒方法,阐明了紫外线消毒的消毒机理,比较了液氯消毒与紫外线消毒的优缺点,并进行经济比较,认为紫外线消毒是更为经济的,并且具有光谱性,在中国的城市污水处理尾水消毒领域是值得推广的好工艺。     

谈生活用水中心二氧化氯消毒

讨论了二氧化氯的性质,简单介绍了二氧化氯的制备及其杀菌、灭藻、消毒、除臭和脱色机理,以及在其他领域的应用,指出该方法具有广谱、高效、安全等优点,值得大力推广。