基于思维进化算法的电动汽车有序充电控制策略

大量电动汽车充电会加大充电站负荷峰谷差,影响充电站安全稳定运行。因此提出了一种基于思维进化算法(MEA)的电动汽车有序充电控制策略:以用户充电费用最少和充电站负荷峰谷差最小为目标函数,采用MEA算法动态计算接入充电站电动汽车的最优充电时段,由用户自主响应,从而实现充电站内电动汽车的有序充电控制。为验证该策略的有效性,利用蒙特卡洛方法模拟用户充电需求,对算例进行仿真分析。结果表明:与无序充电相比,有序充电控制策略可在降低电动汽车用户费用的基础上实现充电负荷的削峰填谷;相比于使用遗传算法,MEA算法具有一定优势。     

Reactive Materials for Evaporating Samarium

Different reactive materials were prepared and evaluated as potential heaters to evaporate refractory and readily ionized samarium metal. Fully dense, nanocomposite powders of thermites and boride‐forming compounds were prepared using arrested reactive milling. In some samples, samarium powder was blended with the nanocomposite powders; in other samples samarium was added using an additional short milling step. Powders were pressed in pellets and ignited at a low pressure. Flame propagation was monitored optically; combustion products were collected and analyzed. It was observed that nanocomposite 2B‐Ti powder, in which samarium was added via an additional milling step was most suitable for evaporating samarium, while preventing its reaction with other material components. Up to 30 wt‐% of samarium could be added and most of it evaporated in the presented experiments.     

离子交换法深度净化铀矿冶废水中铀的研究(Ⅱ)用多分部淋洗技术从低负载铀树脂上解吸铀

对开发利用大孔离子交换树脂深度净化铀矿山及其水冶厂工艺废水技术进行了研究。用硫酸和硫酸盐从低负载铀树脂中淋洗铀时 ,采用多分部淋洗技术 ,可大大提高合格液中铀质量浓度 ,合格液体积为 1个淋洗床体积 ,合格液铀质量浓度提高 2倍多 ,可达 10 .1g/L。与常规淋洗方法相比较 ,可节约淋洗剂约 5 0 %。而且 ,合格液酸度低 ,有益于后续的沉淀过程中回收铀。     

利用聚能药包爆破法处理溜井堵塞

对于处理溜井堵塞问题,本文提出了区别于竹木等爆破、火箭弹爆破的聚能药包爆破处理方法泅述了药包的聚能原理,推出了聚能药包炸药量计算公式,并通过实例说明该方法具有施工安全、处理堵塞速度快、减少人力与物力浪费等优越性.这种方法对其它矿山处理溜井堵塞有借鉴意义.     

粗粒铀矿石提取和浓酸熟化－高铁淋滤浸出法

本文在分析常规铀水冶技术存在的问题和薄层浸出法局限性的基础上，叙述了一种新的浸出体系－浓酸熟化－高铁淋滤浸出法。该法采用硫酸高铁溶液淋滤熟化矿石，完成了薄层浸出法所不能完成的残余浸出反应。浓酸熟化－高铁淋滤浸出法对我国铀矿石具有很强的适应性，是一种可与常规搅拌浸出法相竞争的粗粒矿石提取技术。以该法为基础的铀矿加工流程将可成为我国新一代铀水冶基本流程之一。该流程省去了矿石细磨，因而从根本上克服了由矿石磨细所带来的一系列困难；同时不排放工艺流出液，可改变当前铀水冶的面貌。     

循环强化垂直流人工湿地处理猪场污水

对含高浓度有机物和氮磷的养殖场污水采用复合垂直流人工湿地进行处理，并考察了回流出水的循环强化处理效果。结果表明：循环出水显著提高了对BOD5、COD、SS和NH^ 4 -N的去除率，且对BOD5的去除满足Monod方程；大部分NH^ 4 -N被硝化，对NH^ 4 -N的去除率与其表面负荷率呈线性关系；随着硝化反应的进行，碱度减少，pH值不断降低；循环出水可引入部分氧气，延长了污染物和附着于植物根系微生物的接触时间，提高了对污染物的去除率。     

活性炭吸附法净化含铬废水的研究

着重阐述了活性炭吸附含铬废水的基本原理[1-2],并对处理含铬废水的工艺条件进行系统研究。通过一系列静态和动态实验,确定了吸附最佳平衡时间为7 h,吸附等温方程式符合弗伦德里胥(Freundlich)方程式为q=0.161C1.666 61[3]。     

N, O-羧甲基壳聚糖复合纳滤膜的制备及其对酒厂发酵废水的截留效果

N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan （NOCC） composite nanofiltration （NF） membranes were prepared by coating and cross-linking. The fermentation effluent from a wine factory was treated with the resulting NOCC/polysulfone （PSF） composite NF membranes. The permeate flux and the removal efficiencies of the resulting NF membranes for the color, chemical oxygen demand （CODcr）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and conductivity of the fermentation effluent were investigated in relation to the driving pressure, the feed flow, and the operation time. The permeate flux and the removal efficiencies were found to increase with the increase of the driving pressure or the feed flow. At 0.40 MPa and ambient temperature the removal efficiencies were 95.5%, 70.7%, 72.6%, and 31.6% for color, CODcr, TOC, and conductivity, respectively. The membrane was found to be stable over a 10-h ooeration for the fermentation effluent treatment.     

A-A-O法处理焦化废水的技术改进及工艺控制

对原有A-A-O废水处理系统进行改进:预处理部分在2个事故水池间搭建虹吸桥管,以提高其利用率;污泥回流系统改液下泵为液上泵,并将其与二沉池回流管连接,确保污泥回流系统正常运行;缺氧池加装压缩空气吹扫及充氧管,保证好氧池进水并通过对进水水质和工艺控制,使A-A-O处理系统的出水达国家二类一级排放标准,全部回用于熄焦用水。改进后的A-A-O处理工艺经济效益、社会效益良好。     

Complexation of copper in the effluent of a sewage treatment plant and an estimate of its influence on toxicity to coho salmon

Measurements by cupric ion electrode of the complexing capacity of the effluent from a sewage treatment plant (STPE) averaged 0.300 mg 1⁻¹. Of the complexed Cu 67% was due to compounds of 10,000 MW. Organic compounds removable by activated carbon composed 88% of the total organic carbon and were responsible for 87% of the complexation. Complexation of Cu²⁺ by STPE diminishes the toxicity from total Cu to juvenile coho salmon; the LC₅₀ was 0.164 mg 1⁻¹ for river water vs 0.286 mg 1⁻¹ for 40% STPE. The LC₅₀ of Cu²⁺ was approximately the same (0.017 vs 0.022 mg 1⁻¹) in both matrices; this species thus appears to play a toxic role. The mean survival time in diluted STPE with added Cu was inversely proportional to the Cu²⁺ concentration.