A low‐profile quad‐port UWB MIMO antenna using defected ground structure with dual notch‐band behavior

A compact (45 × 45 × 1.6 mm³) ultrawide‐band (UWB), multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) design using microstrip line feeding is presented. The proposed design comprises four elliptical monopoles placed orthogonally on a cost‐effective FR‐4 substrate. In order to improve the impedance bandwidth and lessen the return loss of the MIMO antenna, defects in ground plane are created by etching symmetrical square slots and half‐rings. Moreover, a different method (of unsymmetrical H‐shaped slot with C‐shaped slot) was proposed into the patch to introduce dual‐band rejection performance from UWB at center frequency 5.5 GHz (covering lower WLAN as well as upper WLAN) and 7.5 GHz (X band). In addition, a stub is introduced at the edge of each defected ground structure to obtain isolation >–22 dB covering entire performing band from 2 to 16.8 GHz (where, S₁₁ < –10 dB). The proposed design has miniaturized size, very low envelop correlation coefficient less than 0.1, stable gain (2‐4 dBi except for notch bands). Furthermore, various MIMO performance parameters are within their specifications, such as diversity gain (= 10 dB), total active reflection coefficient (<–5 dB, and channel capacity loss (<0.35 bits/s/Hz). The presented design is optimized using the HFSS software, and fabricated design is tested using vector network analyzer. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results.     

物质点法在椭圆骨料混凝土损伤模拟中的应用

为研究混凝土结构的宏观力学响应及损伤行为,应用物质点法这一新型数值方法对椭圆骨料混凝土进行数值模拟研究。基于蒙特卡罗模拟方法,考虑混凝土的细观结构,提出了一种构建随机椭圆骨料混凝土细观几何模型的方法。在该几何模型的基础上,进一步提出一种快速建立混凝土细观物质点模型的方法。分别以弹塑性损伤本构模型和弹性本构模型模拟砂浆和骨料的力学行为,采用开发的物质点法程序对混凝土数值模型进行了单轴拉伸及单轴压缩数值试验。结果表明,物质点法模拟所得的结果与设计规范及有限元结果相近。可见,物质点法为混凝土结构损伤行为的数值模拟提供了一条可行的途径。     

Radio resource management for large constellations in a spectrum sharing environment

In the last five years, the satellite community has witnessed growing interest in the delivery of Broadband Services from non‐geostationary orbit (NGSO) systems. However, accessing the entire spectrum available without having to share it among the different operators is key for these systems to have a chance of breaking even, which makes for a challenging business case. This paper focuses on the challenges of spectrum coexistence of multiple satellite constellations for broadband communications and proposes a radio resource management algorithm to enable such coexistence.     

椭圆窗口和参数自适应的非局部均值算法

对于传统的非局部均值(NLM)算法,方形搜索窗口会将大量低相似度的图像块引入去噪图像的加权平均计算过程中,导致去噪图像的细节轮廓变得模糊.针对此问题,提出了利用控制核函数来获取椭圆窗口和图像块参数的自适应NLM算法.首先,根据图像的局部梯度信息和结构张量获得可描述图像局部边缘结构的椭圆方程,并由此确定搜索窗口的形状,从而将搜索窗口的搜索范围限制在与图像局部结构相一致的区域内;然后采用控制核函数获得和搜索窗口形状一致的椭圆形图像块,并结合平滑参数自适应的思想进一步增强算法效果.通过在不同噪声等级的经典灰度图中进行实验,实验结果表明,该算法相比于传统NLM算法和参数自适应的NLM算法,在客观的图像评价指标上,有着更高的PSNR和SSIM值;而在主观视觉上,随着噪声等级的提升,该算法在抑制噪声的同时,能够更好地保留住图像的高频纹理信息.     

Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching of a Nearly Compensated Ferrimagnet by Topological Surface States

Utilizing spin‐orbit torque (SOT) to switch a magnetic moment provides a promising route for low‐power‐dissipation spintronic devices. Here, the SOT switching of a nearly compensated ferrimagnet Gd_x(FeCo)_1?x by the topological insulator [Bi₂Se₃ and (BiSb)₂Te₃] is investigated at room temperature. The switching current density of (BiSb)₂Te₃ (1.20 × 10⁵ A cm^?2) is more than one order of magnitude smaller than that in conventional heavy‐metal‐based structures, which indicates the ultrahigh efficiency of charge‐spin conversion (>1) in topological surface states. By tuning the net magnetic moment of Gd_x(FeCo)_1?x via changing the composition, the SOT efficiency has a significant enhancement (6.5 times) near the magnetic compensation point, and at the same time the switching speed can be as fast as several picoseconds. Combining the topological surface states and the nearly compensated ferrimagnets provides a promising route for practical energy‐efficient and high‐speed spintronic devices.     

基于肤色和Haar方差特征的人脸检测

为了在提高复杂背景下的人脸检测率的同时减少检测时间,将肤色分割和Haar方差特征相结合,在YCbCr颜色空间通过椭圆肤色模型和logistic回归分析确定每一点的肤色概率,生成肤色概率图,从而将每一点的像素值映射到[0,1],在Ostu方法的基础上采用并行的遗传算法确定肤色分割的阈值,快速分割出人脸区域;最后用少量的Haar方差特征取代原来的Haar特征,并采用SVM训练分类方法对分割出的人脸区域进行验证。实验表明,该方法不仅提高了人脸检测的正确率,而且具有较快的人脸检测速度。     

太阳帆航天器地球逃逸轨道解析最优控制律

针对太阳帆航天器地球逃逸轨道控制问题,给出一种新的解析最优控制律.该控制律可使航天器在逃逸过程中轨道能量变化速率最大,从而保证逃逸时间最短.考虑到地球逃逸轨道形状,引入改进春分点轨道根数对航天器运动学方程进行描述,并给出了地球逃逸轨道最优控制律的推导过程.仿真分析表明,该控制律计算速度较快,而且可以根据航天器状态实时计算姿态控制角,因此比较适用于未来太阳帆航天器在轨自主控制系统.     

基于灰色理论模型的交叉缩放椭圆管污垢特性预测

灰色系统理论是一种研究少数据、贫信息的不确定性问题的新方法.灰预测模型具有所需数据少、预测精度高和无需先验信息的优点.搭建了污垢实验系统来测量管壁温度和出、入口温度等参数,计算出污垢热阻值.用灰色新陈代谢模型对交叉缩放椭圆管污垢预测.结果表明:该模型预测精度较高,可用该模型对污垢热阻进行预测.     

Atomic oxygen resistant coating from poly(tetramethyldisilylene‐co‐styrene)

A polydisilahydrocarbon, namely, poly(tetramethyldisilylene‐co‐styrene), synthesized from dimethyldichlorosilane and styrene in 1 : 0.5 mol ratio under dechlorination conditions was evaluated as an atomic oxygen (AO) resistant coating for polyimide film and C‐polyimide composite. Exposure of the polymer coating on a quartz plate to an AO fluence of 2.1 × 10²¹ atoms/cm² resulted in practically no mass loss, indicating the AO resistance of the polymer. Ten percent solution of the polymer in toluene was applied on aluminized Kapton® polyimide film (125 μm thick) to obtain a coating thickness of ～ 5 μm on the unaluminized surface. In a similar way, the coating was applied on a C‐polyimide composite. The coated and uncoated samples of Kapton® film and C‐polyimide composite were exposed to AO in a plasma barrel system. The uncoated aluminized Kapton® film (125 μm) lost 6.35 mg/cm² when exposed to AO fluence of 1.6 × 10²¹ atoms/cm² whereas the corresponding coated film lost only 0.14 mg/cm² even after exposure to AO fluence of 2.1 × 10²¹ atoms/cm². In the case of the C‐polyimide composite, the uncoated sample lost 63.64 mg/cm² on exposure to AO fluence of 1.8 × 10²¹ atoms/cm² whereas the coated one lost only 0.21 mg/cm² even after exposure to AO fluence of 2.1 × 10²¹ atoms/cm². SEM studies suggest that the coating offers good protection to the substrates. Formation of cracks on some portions of the coating was noticed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2368–2375, 2004     

汶川地震的6区域模型加速度峰值衰减关系

利用加速度记录直接拟合衰减关系时,几乎所有现行文献都采用圆模型,以震中距或震源距为观测点坐标位置的唯一统计量。对于长断层的大震而言,等震线的圆模型假设和实际等震线图存在严重的偏差,为修正这种偏差,作者曾提出了4区域的椭圆模型,但是该模型忽略了断层长度垂直范围的2个区域,导致其等震线形状没有沿着断裂方向“发散开”的趋势。且不能反映破裂方向对短轴衰减的影响。该文提出的加速度衰减关系的6区域模型,通过过断层方向和过断层两端点且垂直于断层6条分割线,将地震记录观测点位置分为6个区域,通过研究沿分割线方向的衰减关系得到地震动衰减与衰减路径所处区域的相关性。以汶川8．0级地震为例,说明模型下的6条衰减关系,各自代表的物理意义以及汶川地震地震动峰值加速度衰减的区域特性。在拟合精度上,该模型较圆模型有大幅提高,比4区域椭圆模型略高,在反映地震动区域特性上,比4区域模型更加细致的反映了断层破裂方向效应和上下盘效应。