Nitrogen fertilizer use in rainfed agriculture

Agronomic efficiency (AE) is defined as the increase in economic yield of a crop per unit fertilizer applied. Components of AE are physiological efficiency and apparent recovery fraction. The latter can be further separated into uptake efficiency and availability index. Ways to increase the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in rainfed agriculture through fertilizer management are discussed.     

Bayesian bivariate generalized Lindley model for survival data with a cure fraction

The cure fraction models have been widely used to analyze survival data in which a proportion of the individuals is not susceptible to the event of interest. In this article, we introduce a bivariate model for survival data with a cure fraction based on the three-parameter generalized Lindley distribution. The joint distribution of the survival times is obtained by using copula functions. We consider three types of copula function models, the Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern (FGM), Clayton and Gumbel–Barnett copulas. The model is implemented under a Bayesian framework, where the parameter estimation is based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. To illustrate the utility of the model, we consider an application to a real data set related to an invasive cervical cancer study.     

洗油组分的提取、应用及前景

介绍了目前提取洗油组分的主要工艺过程及洗油中各组分的应用情况,指出我国应加强洗油加工利用的研究和其产品的开发应用:首先必需建设大型洗油加工装置,采用多种加工工艺,提取煤焦油特有的组分;其次提高洗油加工产品的纯度,获得高附加值的产品。     

Prediction of minimum fluidization velocity for vibrated fluidized bed

The prediction of minimum fluidization velocity for vibrated fluidized bed was performed. The Geldart group A and C particles were used as the fluidizing particles. The method based on Ergun equation was used to predict the minimum fluidization velocity. The calculated results were compared with the experimental data.The calculated results of minimum fluidization velocity are in good agreement with experimental data for Geldart group A particles. For group C particles, the difference between the calculated results and experimental data is large because of the formation of agglomerates. In this case, the determination of agglomerate diameter is considered to be necessary to predict the minimum fluidization velocity.     

大型下行式循环流化床反应器颗粒浓度分布研究

采用双光路光纤密度探头研究了内径418mm,高18米大型下行式循环流化床（其中下行床部分长度6．5m)反应器中的颗粒浓度分布，结果表明大直径下行床中颗粒浓度沿径向呈现中心均匀，近壁处存在高浓环形区的分布，这类似于小直径反应器中的结果，随着反应器直径的增加，颗粒浓度分布最大值的径向位置向边壁方向移动，即：当下行床放大时，中心颗粒浓度均匀分布区的面积占整个床层截面积的比例增大，在一种特殊设计的下行床边壁结构中测量了颗粒浓度沿径向的分布，实验结果说明边壁效应对下行床近壁区颗粒浓环的形成起到了重要作用，研究结果将有助于了解下行床反应的放大特性。     

基于1H NMR测定和基团贡献法预测石油馏分的热化学性质

测定了两种原油 2 0个石油馏分的¹H NMR谱和氢、碳元素含量等结构参数 ,以及馏分的燃烧焓、蒸发焓等热化学性质 .假设每个石油馏分仅由CH₃ 、CH₂ 、CH、ACH和C这 5种简单基团构成 ,基于¹H NMR测定和元素分析结果解出石油馏分平均分子结构中的基团数目 ,再用纯有机物的基团贡献法预测石油馏分的燃烧焓、蒸发焓 ,预测值与实验数据吻合良好     

环氧地坪涂料在酸碱环境中的应用

用低黏度环氧树脂、活性稀释剂、固化剂、流平剂、消泡剂、不同目数的硅微粉等配制的地坪涂料,经实际使用,效果良好。环氧地坪涂料固化物经43%硫酸溶液60℃/120 h及5.3%次氯酸钠溶液常温/200 h浸泡,质量变化率均小于1.2%。     

Geochemical implications of trace elements and sulfur in the saturate, aromatic and resin fractions of crude oil from the Mara and Mara Oeste fields, Venezuela

Ten trace elements (Cr, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Mo, V and Sr) and sulfur were determined in the saturate, aromatic and resin fractions of 15 crude oils from Mara (DM) and Mara Oeste (DMO) fields of the Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela. The oils studied are classified as unaltered or altered by biodegradation. In the altered oil, the depletion of n-alkanes, the absence of isoprenoids and the presence of steranes and hopanes unaltered by biodegradation are indicative of moderate biodegradation. The elements Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Sr were detected in the saturated hydrocarbon fraction; Cr and V were detected in the aromatic fraction in addition to the above elements; whereas the elements detected for the resin fraction were Cr, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Mo, V, and Sr. Co was not detected in any fractions of the oils analyzed. Sulfur was found in all fractions of the oils studied. It was proposed that Fe, Zn, Sr, and Mn could have entered the oil during migration or Fe, Zn and Mn as pollutants during oil extraction. Cr and Cu may be of biological origin and Mo could be incorporated into the reservoir through bacteria. Only S, V, and Ni in the resin fractions can be used as indicators of the origin and correlation of Mara and Mara Oeste oils. Based on the results obtained in this work, it can be established that the V/(V+Ni) ratio in the resin fraction can be used as a correlation parameter, for these oils.     

A STUDY OF SILICONE OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS

Emulsions of silicone oil-in water were formed using a Brinkmann Polytron homogenizer with Igepal CO-530 as an emulsifier. Silicone viscosities ranged from 10 to 33,000 mPa.s at 25°C. Rheological characteristics and particle size analyses of silicone oil-in-water emulsions were studied. At high volume fraction of the dispersed phase (70%-75%), silicone oil-in-water emulsions were stable. At lower volume fractions (50%-60%), emulsions formed were less stable and the two phases easily separated in a few days. The emulsions formed with high volume fraction silicone oil show highly non-Newtonian behavior (shear thinning). Emulsions made with low viscosity oils had lower viscosities than those made from high viscosity oils. Relative viscosity-concentration data could be correlated by the Frankel and Acrivos Equation. Increasing the emulsifier concentration of 70% oil-in-water emulsions resulted in a decrease in mean droplet size and an increase in emulsion viscosity. Increasing the intensity of agitation also resulted in higher viscosity and smaller droplet size until a critical energy input above which droplet size increased. Emulsification with low shear mixing provides more control in decreasing mean droplet size with time.     

FCC汽油馏分在水热处理Zn/HZSM-5催化剂上的芳构化反应

制备了300 ℃、350 ℃、400 ℃和500 ℃不同水热处理温度下的Zn/HZSM-5催化剂，并用于FCC汽油馏分的芳构化反应。考察了水热处理温度对芳构化反应性能的影响，并与吡啶吸附红外光谱(FT-IR)相关联，研究了水热处理温度对催化剂表面酸性的影响。结果表明，水热处理Zn/HZSM-5的芳构化活性稳定性得以改善, 与未经水热处理的催化剂相比，400 ℃水热处理的Zn(2%)/HZSM-5催化剂芳构化反应36 h时，芳烃质量分数仍高达74.25%。随着水热处理温度的升高， B酸酸中心数在300～400 ℃变化不大，500 ℃显著减少，L酸酸中心数升高，400 ℃达到最大值后呈降低趋势，烯烃转化率、烷烃转化率和产品芳烃含量升高，水热处理400 ℃时均达到最大值，分别为83.62%、95.44%和92.23%，表明此时B酸中心和L酸中心比例协调性最佳。