W／O型乳液分散相液滴形状对其粘度的影响

应用爱因斯坦表达式．从数学上对乳液分散相液滴间的相互作用及液滴形状对乳液粘度的影响进行了研讨，指出这些因素会使乳液的粘度增加有限值或趋于无穷大，这一结论与所做的物化实验结果是一致的。     

Internal friction of the glassy tektites

Tektites are naturally occurring glasses, perhaps of meteoritic origin. They occur all over the world. They range in size from μm to decimeter. They are based on the compounds silica and alumina, with smaller concentrations of alkali metal and transition metal oxides. Their origin is in vigorous dispute; some scientists think they are of terrestrial earth origin, others believe they come from interplanetary space, as is true of meteorites. We have secured seven specimens from various regions of the earth and have measured the internal friction spectrum of several in the kilocycle frequency range above room temperature, where internal friction peaks of synthetic glasses have been observed. A well defined loss peak is observed around 500 K in a number of specimens. We have also measured the loss spectrum of obsidian and of blast furnace slag. From comparison of these measurements, we conclude that tektites are probably of volcanic origin, the loss peaks being associated with the reorientation of Fe–oxygen complexes.     

轧制对Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金温度阻尼峰的影响(英文)

经过变形量4.7%的单道次室温轧制变形,Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金的一次温度—阻尼谱出现了3个明显的阻尼峰;在二次温度—阻尼谱中,3个阻尼峰均发生变化,特别是第3阻尼峰P3受到抑制,变得非常不明显。对各阻尼峰峰温处淬火样品进行金相、XRD、EBSD等实验,研究轧制对Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金温度—阻尼峰的影响。结果表明:在一次温度—阻尼谱中的P3峰处出现织构增强、孪晶急剧消失的现象;轧制变形后,3个温度—阻尼峰依次为位错阻尼峰、晶界阻尼峰和孪晶引发的再结晶阻尼峰;另外,随着拉伸孪晶的消失,室温轧制态Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金的应变阻尼性能大幅度恢复,高应变下接近均匀化退火态Mg-3Cu-1Mn的应变阻尼性能。这说明拉伸孪晶对Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金应变阻尼性能有不利的影响。     

钛酸钾晶须在树脂基摩擦材料中的应用研究进展

介绍了钛酸钾晶须(PTW)的分类和晶体结构，并简要阐述了其表面改性方法，包括偶联剂改性、多元复合处理方法等；详细综述了PTW在不同树脂基摩擦材料中的应用情况，并提出了其今后的发展方向。     

Normally Oriented Adhesion versus Friction Forces in Bacterial Adhesion to Polymer‐Brush Functionalized Surfaces Under Fluid Flow

Bacterial adhesion is problematic in many diverse applications. Coatings of hydrophilic polymer chains in a brush configuration reduce bacterial adhesion by orders of magnitude, but not to zero. Here, the mechanism by which polymer‐brush functionalized surfaces reduce bacterial adhesion from a flowing carrier fluid by relating bacterial adhesion with normally oriented adhesion and friction forces on polymer (PEG)‐brush coatings of different softness is studied. Softer brush coatings deform more than rigid ones, which yields extensive bond‐maturation and strong, normally oriented adhesion forces, accompanied by irreversible adhesion of bacteria. On rigid brushes, normally oriented adhesion forces remain small, allowing desorption and accordingly lower numbers of adhering bacteria result. Friction forces, generated by fluid flow and normally oriented adhesion forces, are required to oppose fluid shear forces and cause immobile adhesion. Summarizing, inclusion of friction forces and substratum softness provides a more complete mechanism of bacterial adhesion from flowing carrier fluids than available hitherto.     

软基桩侧负摩阻力弹塑性分析及几个关键问题

文中基于桩土共同作用机理,考虑桩土体接触面效应,建立了软土地基桩侧表面负摩阻力三维弹塑性有限元分析模型。在此基础上,重点模拟分析了某典型软土地基土体特性、桩土接触面参数、土体结构性及堆载等因素对负摩阻力的影响规律。最后,对未来关于负摩阻力研究仍亟需解决的几个关键问题等进行了初步探讨。研究成果和分析思路可为类似条件下桩侧负摩阻力的计算和施工提供有益的参考。     

Microstructure,adhesion, and tribological properties of conventional plasma-sprayed coatings on steel substrate

A variety of metallic and oxide coatings were deposited under various conditions on 1020 mild steel substrate by conventional plasma spraying. The coating thickness, microhardness, cohesion and adhesion failure loads, friction coefficient, and abrasive wear resistance were evaluated. The coatings were classified as follows, in order of decreasing microhardness and wear resistance: alumina, chromia, 316 stainless steel, Ni-5% Al, elemental aluminum and aluminum-polyester. Wear resistance increased with increasing microhardness and decreasing friction coefficient. The microhardness and wear resistance of high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) diamond jet (DJ)-sprayed aluminum were found to be superior to those of plasma-sprayed aluminum. Plasma or flame-sprayed metallic coatings adhered well to the substrate. The cohesion, adhesion, microhardness, and wear resistance of alumina coatings exceeded those of equally thick chromia coatings.     

平推窗的启闭力分析及解决办法

平推窗启闭力过大、开关费力一直饱受消费者诟病。本文简要分析造成这种现象的原因并提出相应解决办法。     

Rolling–Sliding Laboratory Tests of Friction Modifiers in Leaf Contaminated Wheel–Rail Contacts

Leaf-related adhesion problems have been present in many railway networks all over the world in the last few decades. Since the early 1970s many measures have been undertaken in order to mitigate the problem. One of the measures adopted by many railway networks is the use of friction modifiers. However, the low adhesion problem still persists. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these friction modifiers has not well proven yet due to the lack of research in controlled conditions. Consequently, the rolling stock operators and infrastructure managers do not clearly understand the performance and side effects of the friction modifiers used on their networks. In this paper, an investigation of the performance of two existent friction modifiers in controlled laboratory conditions is presented. These friction modifiers have been used or tested in several railway networks. A twin-disk roller rig has been used to study their performance in leaf contaminated contacts. The adhesion characteristics of both friction modifiers are examined for different slip ratios. The constituents of the friction modifiers are identified and the solid components are analyzed. In addition, damage that these friction modifiers may cause to wheel and rail is also discussed.     

基于能量法的软土地基中基桩负摩阻力计算方法

摘要：为了有效计算与分析软土地基中基桩的受力与位移情况，采用土体弹塑性三折线模型计算桩侧土体的摩阻力与桩土相对位移；考虑桩侧土体发生沉降时桩-土保持能量平衡，导出产生负摩阻力时基桩的能量平衡方程，进而给出不同位移条件下桩身轴力与位移的计算式；最后通过对某工程实例进行数值计算表明：计算结果与实测数据基本一致，使用三折线模型的能量平衡计算式能够用于研究分析基桩在各级均布荷载作用下的受力特性，为桩基工程设计提供相应的参考。