柱撑膨润土吸附水中苯胺的性能研究

研究了无机、有机和无机-有机柱撑膨润土对水中苯胺的吸附去除性能,结果表明:3种柱撑膨润对苯胺的去除效果明显高于膨润土原土,当投土量为0.2 g时,对苯胺的吸附去除率分别为86.77%、96.38%、92.51%;3种柱撑膨润土对苯胺的吸附在60 min达到平衡;溶液pH值对苯胺的去除有一定的影响,在酸性条件下的去除率略大于中性和碱性;温度升高,苯胺的去除率略有下降.     

低相对分子质量铁系3,4-聚异戊二烯橡胶的性能

考察了制备的低相对分子质量3，4-聚异戊二烯与SBR或NR按20／80质量比组成的共混胶的力学性能和粘弹性能。结果表明，SBR／3，4-IR和NR／3，4-IR共混胶与SBR或NR相比，其拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和永久变形有所下降，回弹性明显降低，但硬度基本不变。根据O℃和60℃下的损耗因子tan8值可知，3，4-IR可明显提高SBR或NR硫化胶的抗湿滑性能，对滚动阻力无明显的影响。     

Modification of a carbon/carbon composite with a thermosetting resin precursor as a matrix by the addition of carbon black

Carbon/carbon composites were made through the pyrolysis of stabilized PAN felt and phenolic resin with the addition of 5 or 10 wt % carbon black to the matrix and then heat treatment at 600–2500°C. The effects of adding carbon black to the matrix precursor on the physical properties, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the resultant composites were investigated. Adding carbon black not only reduced the weight loss but also limited the shrinkage of the resultant composites. Adding carbon black also accelerated the formation of carbon basal planes in the matrix. At 2500°C, the crystalline stacking height in the composite with 10 wt % added carbon black was 200% greater than that with no additive. The flexural strength of the composite also increased from 15 to 42 MPa (almost 300%). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 333–337, 2006     

垂直筛板塔流体力学与传质研究状况

对我国在新型垂直筛板塔的流体力学性能 ,诸如塔板干板压降与湿板压降、板孔漏液、塔板过量雾沫夹带、板上帽罩单元的液体提升能力与液体循环程度的研究及其传质性能 ,诸如塔板传质效率模型、塔板空间气相中液体大小与分布、板间空间立体传质作用的研究等进行了综合 ,并予以分析论述 ,从中看出我国对新型垂直筛板塔已进行了较全面深入的研究工作 ,并取得了新进展。     

反相微乳液法制备高溶度ZrO2陶瓷墨水(Ⅱ)

对喷墨打印成型用ZrO2陶瓷墨水的反相微乳液制备法进行了研究.采用已经优化的Triton x-100/正己醇/环己烷/水反相微乳液体系, 以氧氯化锆溶液和氨水溶液分别替代水, 获得了澄清的微乳液, 再将它们均匀混合反应制得了均匀分散、微粒尺寸7～8 nm、稳定存在的ZrO2陶瓷墨水.针对喷射打印墨水的理化性能要求, 考察了所制备的ZrO2陶瓷墨水的理化性能(流变性能、表面张力、电导率、稳定性等), 并对性能改善进行了探讨.所制两个陶瓷墨水当pH＜8时, 电导率分别为20 mS/m和35 mS/m, 表面张力分别为21.6 mN/m和34.3 mN/m左右, 粘度为25 mPa*s和32 mPa*s, 且无剪切增稠效应.这些结果说明所制陶瓷墨水的性能指标基本满足非连续式打印机要求.从透光率测试结果表明所制陶瓷墨水属反相微乳液.     

Elevated-Temperature-Delayed Failure of Alumina Reinforced with 20 vol% Silicon Carbide Whiskers

Alumina composites reinforced with 20 vol% SiC whiskers were exposed to applied stresses in four-point flexure at temperatures of 1000°, 1100°, and 1200°C in air for periods of up to 14 weeks. At 1000° and 1100°C, an "apparent" fatigue limit was established at stresses of ∼ 75% of the fast fracture strength. However, after long-term (>6 weeks) tests at 1100°C, some evidence of crack generation as a result of creep cavitation was detected. At 1200°C applied stresses as low as 38% of the 1200°C fracture strength were sufficient to promote creep deformation and accompanying cavitation and crack generation and growth resulting in failures in times of <250 h.     

几种不同结构型号PE改性PPR力学性能的研究

研究了线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)/聚丙烯(PPR)共混体系、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/聚丙烯(PPR)共混体系、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)/聚丙烯(PPR)共混体系的力学性能和熔体流动速率。结果表明,UHMWPE的增韧改性效果最好,在UHMWPE的含量为15%时体系的综合力学性能最好。LLDPE的增韧改性效果次之,HDPE的最差。     

Field Validation of DNDC Model for Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice-based Production Systems of India

The DNDC (DeNitrification and DeComposition) model was tested against experimental data on CH₄ and N₂O emissions from rice fields at different geographical locations in India. There was a good agreement between the simulated and observed values of CH₄ and N₂O emissions. The difference between observed and simulated CH₄ emissions in all sites ranged from −11.6 to 62.5 kg C ha⁻¹ season⁻¹. Most discrepancies between simulated and observed seasonal fluxes were less than 20% of the field estimate of the seasonal flux. The relative deviation between observed and simulated cumulative N₂O emissions ranged from −237.8 to 28.6%. However, some discrepancies existed between observed and simulated seasonal patterns of CH₄ and N₂O emissions. The model simulated zero N₂O emissions from continuously flooded rice fields and poorly simulated CH₄ emissions from Allahabad site. For all other simulated cases, the model satisfactorily simulated the seasonal variations in greenhouse gas emission from paddy fields with different land management. The model also simulated the C and N balances in all the sites, including other gas fluxes, viz. CO₂, NO, NO₂, N₂ and NH₃ emissions. Sensitivity tests for CH₄ indicate that soil texture and pH significantly influenced the CH₄ emission. Changes in organic C content had a moderate influence on CH₄ emission on these sites. Introducing the mid-season drainage reduced CH₄ emissions significantly. Process-based biogeochemical modeling, as with DNDC, can help in identifying strategies for optimizing resource use, increasing productivity, closing yield gaps and reducing adverse environmental impacts.     

Synthesis of copolymers of tert‐butyl vinyl ether with maleic and citraconic anhydrides

In the present study, the effects of charge‐transfer complex formation and intramolecular fragmentation (side‐chain lactonization) in radical copolymerization of tert‐butyl vinyl ether (t‐BVE) with anhydrides of maleic (MA) and citraconic (CA) acids and the structure–thermal behavior relationships of the resulting copolymers were examined using the ¹H‐NMR, FTIR, DSC, and TGA analysis methods. It was shown that copolymerization under the chosen conditions proceeded through intramolecular fragmentation with the formation of γ‐lactone units. Side‐chain fragmentation of t‐BVE–MA and t‐BVE–CA copolymers also was confirmed by TGA and DSC analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2455–2463, 2006 2006     

添加碳化钛对超细Ti(C,N)-Ni金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响

用传统粉末冶金法制备了添加碳化钛(TiC)的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷.为了得到超细晶粒的显微结构,主要硬质相[Ti(C,N),TiC和TiN]的初始粉末粒度为纳米、亚微米级.通过扫描电子显微镜观察,发现了一种新的白芯/灰壳结构,揭示了其形成机制.此外,通过能谱仪分析,获得了各相的化学成分.用X射线衍射仪并通过计算得出了各相的点阵参数.对室温下该材料的力学性能进行了测试,并尝试把它们与金属陶瓷的原始成分和显微结构的特点联系起来.