连续重整装置再生器约翰逊内网开裂的原因分析及优化措施

中国石化天津分公司1.0 Mt/a连续重整装置再生器约翰逊内网出现开裂,原因是再生器内网顶部焊接区域存在应力,操作过程温度梯度变化大,并且内网顶部区域温度随催化剂周期性间断流动而交替变化致使出现金属疲劳。通过降低再生烧焦气中氧含量,使位于内网上部的催化剂在相对缓和的条件下进行烧炭,同时严格控制原料终馏点不高于173 ℃,提高重整反应氢油摩尔比至2.5,优化调整后,待生催化剂积炭量由5.1%降至4.8%,烧炭区峰值温度由568 ℃降至552 ℃,有利于再生器内网的长周期稳定运行。     

基于数值模拟的马蹄焰玻璃窑蓄热室热效率研究

蓄热室是马蹄焰玻璃窑余热回收、能源循环再利用的重要设备,它对于降低玻璃窑炉整体能耗有着重要的作用。热效率低的蓄热室不但会造成大量的能源浪费,还可能会减少玻璃窑炉的使用寿命,提高蓄热室的热效率已经成为了玻璃产业亟待解决的问题。为了研究蓄热室参数对热效率的影响规律,首先运用计算流体力学理论和多孔介质模型建立了蓄热室的数值仿真模型,然后结合热平衡分析和气体热力学性质变化规律,建立蓄热室热效率模型,最后运用Fluent对不同参数下蓄热室内部温度场与速度场进行仿真,同时从温度场中采集热效率计算数据并分析各参数对蓄热室热效率的影响规律。结果表明：在保证燃料燃烧充分的前提下,减小助燃空气进口速度、格子体孔隙率、格子砖当量直径有利于增大空气与格子体的传热量,提高蓄热室的热效率,而烟道口进口面积在0.9～1 m²时蓄热室的热效率较高。     

Design method of the layered active magnetic regenerator (AMR) for hydrogen liquefaction by numerical simulation

The design procedure of an active magnetic regenerator (AMR) operating between liquid nitrogen temperature and liquid hydrogen temperature is discussed with the selected magnetic refrigerants. Selected magnetic refrigerants (GdNi₂, Dy_0.85Er_0.15Al₂, Dy_0.5Er_0.5Al₂, and Gd_0.1Dy_0.9Ni₂) that have different transition temperatures are layered in an AMR to widen the temperature span. The optimum volume fraction of the layered refrigerants for the maximum COP with minimum volume is designed in a two-stage active magnetic regenerative refrigerator (AMRR) using one dimensional numerical simulation. The entropy generation in each stage of the AMR is calculated by the numerical simulation to optimize the proposed design. The main sources of the entropy generation in the AMR are pressure drop, convection and conduction heat transfers in the AMR. However, the entropy generation by the convective heat transfer is mostly dominant in the optimized cases. In this paper, the design parameters and the operating conditions such as the distribution of the selected refrigerants in the layered AMR, the intermediate temperature between two stages and the mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid are specifically determined to maximize the performance of the AMR. The proposed design method will facilitate the construction of AMR systems with various magnetic refrigerants and conditions such as AMR size, operating temperature range, and magnetic field variation.     

Modeling water and hydrogen networks with partitioning regeneration units

Strict environment regulations in chemical and refinery industries lead to minimize resource consumption by designing utility networks within industrial process plants. The present study proposed a superstructure based optimization model for the synthesis of water and hydrogen networks with partitioning regenerators without mixing the regenerated sources. This method determines the number of partitioning regenerators needed for the regeneration of the sources. The number of the regenerators is based on the number of sources required to be treated for recovery. Each source is regenerated in an individual partitioning regenerator. Multiple regeneration systems can be employed to achieve minimum flowrate and costs. The formulation is linear in the regenerator balance equations. The optimized model is applied for two systems, partitioning regeneration systems of the fixed outlet impurity concentration and partitioning regeneration systems of the fixed impurity load removal ratio (RR) for water and hydrogen networks. Several case studies from the literature are solved to illustrate the ease and applicability of the proposed method.     

重油催化裂化装置再生器改造开大型作业孔引出问题的探讨

对140万t／a重油催化裂化装置利用UOP技术进行技术改造施工过程中在再生器危险段器壁开大型作业孔引出的问题进行技术探讨，通过计算论证了再生器器壁开大孔作业的可行性。     

提高空气预热温度降低燃料消耗

通过分析空气预热温度对燃料燃烧反应的影响,说明了提高空气预热温度可降低燃料消耗,提高窑炉的热效率,并给出了一些相应的保证措施.     

Design and manufacturing of travelling wave thermo-acoustic engine with varying regenerator length

ABSTRACT

Thermo-acoustic engines are devices suitable to convert heat energy into acoustic energy and vice versa. In this paper, travelling wave thermo-acoustic engine was designed and fabricated for the operating conditions of 30?bar mean pressure of working fluid (Air, Helium, Hydrogen, Nitrogen) and 500°C hot side temperature. The regenerator was made up of the can(s) of stainless steel SA-347and can be adjusted to achieve the required length. The access to change wire mesh size and its length enables to reduce the test set-up time and to enhance flexibility during experimentation. The modified secondary cold heat exchanger was developed for effective heat extraction from the working fluid and the effect of modified regenerator on the intensity of the thermo-acoustic power was also addressed. The present study shares the suitable alternatives for material selection, design considerations and preliminary estimation of heat exchangers at the operating temperature and pressure. It provides initial dimensions and enables to make a prototype.     

玻璃熔窑蓄热室格子体设计

介绍了最常用的几种格子砖使用情况,指出国内一些熔窑格子体存在的问题,提出了以熔窑所需的单位助燃空气量(Nm3/s)来计算格子体体积的方法.并对采用不同类型的格子砖进行了实例计算.文章还针对格子体的工况条件,提出了比较适合我国国情的格子体材料选配方案.     

新型磁性蓄冷材料G—M制冷机的研制

对应用磁性蓄冷材料作为二级蓄冷器填料而研制的大制冷功率两级Ｇ－ Ｗ 制冷机的研究工作进行了总结,给出了理论分析及结构设计。并在一台样机进行了实验研究,通过优化制冷机结构参数和运行参数,使制冷机二级最低制冷温度达７．８ Ｋ、２０ Ｋ 时取得１４．５ Ｗ 的有效制冷量,从理论和试验上对应用磁性蓄冷材料改善Ｇ－ Ｍ 制冷机性能的有效性进行了有益的探索。     

双器并流与逆流催化裂化装置再生工艺技术的比较

比较了重油催化裂化装置双器并流与逆流两段再生工艺的特点,再生过程中催化剂的失活情况以及烟气能量回收方面的差异。逆流再生器烧碳强度较并流低,按一级水热失活方程计算,催化剂的失活速率常数也较并流两段再生器低,同时工业装置数据显示逆流两段再生工艺对平衡催化剂上的重金属镍有一定的钝化作用。逆流两段再生方式烟气压力能的回收流程简单,烟气系统无需增加一氧化碳焚烧炉或蒸汽过热设施,烟气压力能回收可达98%左右。