A new model and its numerical method to identify multi credit migration boundaries

In this paper, valuation a corporate bond with multi credit rating migration risks is considered under the structure framework by using a free boundary model. The establishment, analysis and calculation of the model are presented. Numerical scheme, stability of the numerical algorithm and convergence order are discussed. Calibration of the parameters and numerical examples are also suggested. Furthermore, the relationship between the value function, the free boundaries and different parameters is shown and analysed.     

大底盘结构地下车库基坑挖距主楼的安全距离

针对当前工程建设中的大底盘结构先进行主楼施工,再进行裙房或地下车库基坑开挖,对主楼地基安全会产生不利影响这一问题,通过太沙基地基整体剪切破坏模型,对裙房或地下车库基坑开挖距主楼的安全距离进行了探讨,以确定最佳的安全距离,保证主楼地基安全。     

Occurrence and risk assessment of mycotoxins,acrylamide, and furan in Latvian beer

This work reports data on the occurrence of nine mycotoxins and two food processing contaminants – acrylamide and furan – in a total of 100 beers produced in Latvia. Mycotoxins were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, acrylamide by HPLC coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and furan by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The most frequently occurring mycotoxins were HT-2 and deoxynivalenol (DON), which were detected in 52% and 51% of the analysed samples. The highest content was observed for DON, reaching the maximum of 248 µg kg^?1. Furan was ubiquitous, and 74% of the samples contained acrylamide. In terms of the estimated exposure, the biggest potential risk was identified for HT-2 representing more than 11% of tolerable weekly intake. The margin of exposure approach indicated the exposure to furan through beer as significant, this parameter being close to the critical limit.     

Selection of risk response actions with consideration of secondary risks

Secondary risk in project risk management refers to the risk that arises as a direct result of implementing a risk response action (RRA). It is important for project managers (PMs) to consider the effects caused by the secondary risks in the process of RRA selection. The purpose of this paper is to propose an optimization method to address the problem of selecting risk response actions (RRAs) with consideration of secondary risk which is seldom considered in the existing studies. The optimization model aims to minimize the total risk costs with time constraint being placed on the project makespan. By solving the model, an optimal set of RRAs along with the earliest start time for each activity can both be obtained. The results show that secondary risk plays an important role in the process of RRA selection. Project managers should allocate more budget for responding the project risk when the secondary risk is considered, and consider all factors relating to both time and cost so as to select appropriate RRAs to mitigate primary risk and secondary risk.     

试谈软件编程的风险规避

在我国科学技术和信息化的迅速发展中,计算机和互联网在各行各业中的应用也日益广泛,与此同时,各种类型的软件也在不断被应用。在软件功能和规模日益扩大中,其编程过程也日益复杂,因而也使一些风险和问题不断显现。通过对软件编程中各种风险的分析,提出了有效规避措施。     

Use of fuzzy sets in developing code risk factors

Fuzzy set theory is used to produce risk factor values for a building code. Working through reliability indices, a transformation is developed to convert estimates of relative social importance of a building into code load factors. The importance estimates are found by surveying knowledgeable members of society or playing their roles, and by using fuzzy set theory to combine their views according to their significance. An extension, again using fuzzy set theory, brings in the use of multiple criteria on which to base judgements. An example gives risk factors close to those in an existing code.     

缺陷管道适用性评价技术研究进展

总结了近年来缺陷管道适用性评价技术的研究情况,随着断裂力学与计算机软件技术的不断发展,缺陷管道适用性评价技术也逐渐趋于完善。建立科学的适用性和完整性评价技术体系对我国油气管道的安全长期运行有着重要的意义。     

论我国等同采用国际风险管理标准的必要性

日前,国际标准化组织ISO正式发布了用于风险管理的国际标准ISO 31000:2009《风险管理——原则与指南》。该标准是在经济全球化的新环境下,"特定事件"和"特定法规"的基础上产生的,体现了世界范围内风险管理的最新理论和最佳实践。在全球金融危机尚未结束的今天,该标准的发布具有重要意义。本文从6个方面论述了我国"等同采用"ISO 31000:2009标准的必要性,并指出我国尽早"等同采用"该标准既有实践的基础,又有现实的意义。     

TARGET LEVELS IN TRAFFIC SAFETY ANALYSIS

The concept of target based traffic safety investment is discussed. A procedure is developed to establish the optimum target level [reduction in accident frequency, rate, or risk] that can be achieved when the expected cost of the countermeasure(s) and the expected cost of accidents is considered. Expected level of safety without countermea-sure and effectiveness of countermeasure are both treated as random variables, and it is shown that the optimum target is dependent on the form of the probability distribution, its parameters, and the ratio of accident cost to countermeasure cost. Application of the procedure to routine safety analysis and management is demonstrated using simple numerical examples.     

整体式简支板桥纵向裂缝分析

通过对几种不同宽跨比整体式钢筋混凝土简支板桥的ANSYS有限元实体分析,总结出了这类板桥纵向贯通裂缝形成的主要原因。提出在整体式钢筋混凝土简支板桥的设计中,在满足纵向配筋要求的同时,必须增加横向配筋的数量来抵抗不得忽视的横向内力,以防止板桥出现纵向贯通裂缝。