KINETICS OF HYDRODESULFURIZATION OF HEAVY GAS OIL DERIVED FROM OIL-SANDS BITUMEN

With gradual shortage in the supply of crude oil, the importance of producing synthetic crude oil from oil sands and shale oil is increasing day by day. In the present paper, the effects of various process variables such as temperature, liquid hourly space velocity and hydrogen/heavy gas oil volumetric ratio on the removal of sulfur compounds from oil sands derived heavy gas oil has been studied. The experiments have been carried out in a micro scale trickle bed reactor over a commercial Ni-Mo catalyst. The temperature, liquid hourly space velocity and hydrogen/heavy gas oil volumetric ratio have been varied from 365 to 415°C, 0.5 to 1.9 h^-1 and 400 to 1000 ml, respectively. Under optimum reaction conditions over 96% conversion of sulfur compounds was achieved. The kinetics of the rate of sulfur removal from the oil sands derived heavy gas oil has also been discussed in this article.     

8-R-9苄基-9H-嘌呤衍生物的合成研究

采用 (Ph3 P) 2 PdCl2 为催化剂 ,DMF为溶剂 ,对 8 碘 9 苄基 9H 嘌呤与有机锡试剂RSnBu3 (R=乙烯基、2 噻吩基、2 呋喃基、苯乙炔基和苯基等 )之间的Stille偶合反应进行了研究 ,合成出了5种 8位取代的嘌呤衍生物。在反应温度为 80℃ ,n(8 碘 9 苄基 9H 嘌呤 )∶n (RSnBu3 )∶n〔(Ph3 P) 2 PdCl2 〕 =1 0∶1 2∶0 0 5的较佳工艺条件下 ,产品收率 4 1%～ 91%。用1H NMR、13 C NMR和MS对产物进行了表征     

Adaptive predictive control algorithm based on Laguerre Functional Model

Laguerre Functional Model has many advantages such as good approximation capability for the variances of system time‐delay, order and other structural parameters, low computational complexity, and the facility of online parameter identification, etc., so this model is suitable for complex industrial process control. A series of successful applications have been gained in linear and non‐linear predictive control fields by the control algorithm based on Laguerre Functional Model, however, former researchers have not systemically brought forward the theoretical analyses of the stability, robustness, and steady‐state performance of this algorithm, which are the keys to guarantee the feasibility of the control algorithm fundamentally. Aimed at this problem, we introduce the principles of the Incremental Mode Linear Laguerre Predictive Control (IMLLPC) algorithm, and then systemically propose the theoretical analyses and proofs of the stability and robustness of the algorithm, in addition, we also put forward the steady‐state performance analysis. At last, the control performances of this algorithm on two different physical industrial plants are presented in detail, and a number of experimental results validate the feasibility and superiority of IMLLPC algorithm. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FCC提升管反应器新型预提升结构开发

从气固流动规律、结构形式、预提升气分配等角度对工业提升管预提升段进行了试验研究,开发出油剂接触较为均匀,可有效减少反应器结焦的新型预提升结构,工业应用效果良好,反应结焦减少,装置剂油比增大,操作弹性提高,经济效益显著.     

水轮机调速器参数自整定遗传算法的研究

水轮机调速器的参数整定直接关系到水轮机调节系统的稳定运行及调节品质，进而会影响到电能的质量.应用可变交叉概率和变异概率的改进遗传算法对水轮机PID调速器参数进行优化，并将改进遗传算法的计算结果进行仿真分析，结果表明，该方法有效地消除了对参数初值的依赖性，使得寻优效率大大提高，改善了收敛性，是一种较好的PID参数寻优方法。     

狗经氡子体暴露后血、毛中~(210)Pb 和~(210)Po 含量的动态变化

本文叙述了实验狗经氡子体暴露后血、毛中~(210)Po、~(210)Pb 含量、~(210)po/~(210)Pb 比率及血中~(210)Po,~(210)Pb 排出的动态变化。     

A new method of characterization for stratified thermal energy stores

A new method for characterization of stratified thermal energy stores (TES) that integrates both the first law and the second law concerns is presented here. The first law concern is incorporated into a quantity called energy response factor and the second law concern into an entropy generation ratio. A product of these two quantities is at the heart of the TES efficiency definitions. This approach removes the overemphasis of the existing methods either on the first or the second law of thermodynamics which often biases the characterization results. The information about the evolution of the temperature field of the system in time is the prerequisite of the new method. It may be obtained from experiments or from suitable numerical simulations. The current method can be easily integrated into computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations and thus facilitate CFD-based design analysis. As an example of such CFD-integrated analysis, a large-scale hot water seasonal heat store is numerically studied to identify the effects of aspect ratio, containment shape, internal structures, and containment size on their efficiency. The results suggest the effectiveness of the new method in deriving useful design insights.     

Some characteristics and a comparison 6f the activities of o-dihydroxyphenoloxidase activity from five yam (Dioscorea spp.) species

o-Dihydroxyphenoloxidase (E.C. 1.14.18.1) (o-DPOase) was extracted from acetone-extracted freeze-dried yam tubers, and fractionated by (NH₄)₂SO₄ precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose to give two forms from Dioscorea alta L. (cv. UM680) and three forms from D. rotundata Poir. (cv. Nwopoke). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed one of the forms from each species to contain two protein bands with o-DPOase activity. o-DPOase from D. alata showed activity with catechol, (+)-catechin, (?)-epicatechin and chlorogenic acid, but not with tyrosine, as substrate, o-DPOase from D. rotundata showed activity only with catechol and (+)-catechin. K_m values for D. rotundata enzymes, calculated assuming a two-substrate reaction, were between 0.2 and 0.8 mM for oxygen and 70 and 120 mM for catechol. The enzyme was most active between pH 5.5 and pH 7.0, and showed slight activation after holding for 2 minutes at 40 or 50°C. After heating to above 60°C the enzyme showed evidence of irreversible denaturation. Theo-DPOase activity extracted from ten cultivars of five species of D. alata L., D. bulbifera L., D. cayenensis Lam., D. dumetorum Pax, and D. rotundata Poir. were compared.     

论GPS星座组成及若干抗AS方案

本文首先讨论GPS星座组成及美国的用政策，阐述了AS措施及其对GPS测量的影响。然后，对抗AS的若干方案进行介绍，分别对平方法、互相关法、码相关干法及P－W技术（Ashtech法）进行叙述和评论，指出它们的优缺点，评述它们在GPS技术发展过程所起的作用。最后，对GPS星座建成后的形势作了小结，并对当前我国GPS事业的有关问题提出四点建议。