Research on optimization design of PWR flow distribution device based on numerical simulation

ABSTRACT

In the lower chamber of pressurized water reactor (PWR), the flow distribution device is the core module to distribute coolant into the core. It has complex structure and numerous design parameters. Therefore, it has important theoretical and practical significance to optimize the device. The mesh independence verification, turbulence model selection, and data processing all can influence the numerical simulation results of the lower chamber, in order to research the influence, a numerical simulation method based on the original model of CNP1000 reactor lower chamber is proposed in this paper. In the method, an optimization design method of flow distribution device is established based on surrogate model. The main design variables and optimization objectives are determined based on the device’s structure and function characteristics. And then it respectively adopts Kriging algorithm and multi-objective genetic algorithm to establish a surrogate model of flow distribution device and optimize it globally. Finally, the optimal design variables are obtained. Compared with the device’s performance before optimization, the after optimization has smaller total pressure loss and more uniform flow. The effectiveness and practicability of proposed optimization design method can be verified.     

Mesoporous g-C3N4 decorated by Ni2P nanoparticles and CdS nanorods together for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Ni₂P nanoparticles and CdS nanorods were grew together on a mesoporous g-C₃N₄ through a facile in-situ solvothermal approach. Under visible light (λ > 400 nm), the as-prepared ternary PCN–CdS-5% Ni₂P composite displays a high H₂ evolution rate with 2905.86 μmol g^?1 h^?1, which is about 14, 18 and 279 times that of PCN–CdS, PCN–Ni₂P and PCN, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the improved separation efficiency of the photocarriers by the type II PCN–CdS heterojunction and the effective extraction of photogenerated electrons by Ni₂P. Meanwhile, Ni₂P acts as co-catalyst to provide the photocatalytic active site for hydrogen reduction. In addition, PCN–CdS-5% Ni₂P composite exerts good stability in 12-h cycles.     

Recent Advances in Conjugated Polymers for Visible-Light-Driven Water Splitting

With the ambition of solving the challenges of the shortage of fossil fuels and their associated environmental pollution, visible-light-driven splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen using semiconductor photocatalysts has emerged as a promising technology to provide environmentally friendly energy vectors. Among the current library of developed photocatalysts, organic conjugated polymers present unique advantages of sufficient light-absorption efficiency, excellent stability, tunable electronic properties, and economic applicability. As a class of rising photocatalysts, organic conjugated polymers offer high flexibility in tuning the framework of the backbone and porosity to fulfill the requirements for photocatalytic applications. In the past decade, significant progress has been made in visible-light-driven water splitting employing organic conjugated polymers. The recent development of the structural design principles of organic conjugated polymers (including linear, crosslinked, and supramolecular self-assembled polymers) toward efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, and overall water splitting is described, thus providing a comprehensive reference for the field. Finally, current challenges and perspectives are also discussed.     

Trajectories of knowledge economy in SSA and MENA countries

In the first critical assessment of knowledge economy dynamic paths in Africa and the Middle East, but for a few exceptions, we find overwhelming support for diminishing cross-country disparities in knowledge-based economy dimensions. The paper employs all the four components of the World Bank's Knowledge Economy Index (KEI): economic incentives, innovation, education, and information infrastructure. The main finding suggests that sub-Saharan African (SSA) and the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries with low levels of KE dynamics and catching-up their counterparts of higher KE levels. We provide the speeds of integration and time necessary to achieve full (100%) integration. Policy implications are also discussed.     

Vertical cyclic loading response of geosynthetic-encased stone column in soft clay

Dynamic responses of the geosynthetic-encased stone column (GESC) supported embankment under traffic loads have become a hot topic. This study investigates the responses of GESC improved ground under vertical cyclic loading. A series of laboratory tests in a designed model test tank have been carried out with different loading parameters (varied loading amplitudes and frequencies), different column dimensions (varied encasement lengths and column diameters). In the tests, the soil-column stress distribution, accumulated settlement of loading plate, excess pore water pressure in the surrounding soil and lateral bulging of the stone column are monitored. Experimental results indicate that the vertical stress on the stone column increases with the increment of encasement length, and decreases with the increment of column diameter, loading amplitude and loading frequency. The increasing stress on the surrounding soil leads to a greater accumulated settlement of the loading plate and excess pore water pressure, while the increasing stress on the column leads to larger lateral bulging of the column. Excess pore water pressure dissipates effectively through vertical and horizontal drainage channels provided by the stone column and the sand bed. The geosynthetic encasement prevents the clay from obstructing the drainage channel by filtration and guarantees the drainage effect.     

剂油比对煤焦油沥青质加氢过程的影响

以中低温煤焦油沥青质为原料,采用NiMoW/γ-Al_2O_3商业催化剂,在反应温度380℃、反应压力8 MPa和反应时间1.5 h条件下,分别在不同剂油质量比(1∶25、1∶20、1∶15、1∶10)条件下进行加氢实验,通过采用元素分析、FT-IR、XRD、~1H-NMR和XPS等分析表征手段,考察不同剂油质量比对中低温煤焦油沥青质加氢转化过程的影响。结果表明,随着剂油质量比的增加,沥青质转化率提高,加氢产物分布也发生大幅变化,沥青质和芳香分轻质化转化为饱和分。但随着剂油质量比的进一步提高,同时也发生了更多的裂化反应和缩合反应,剂油质量比在合适范围能够很好地起到加氢轻质化且抑制结焦的效果。     

仙游抽水蓄能电站尾水系统充排水试验

为检查工程质量,查找输水系统可能存在的问题并消除隐患,保障电站安全运行,福建仙游抽水蓄能电站在投产发电前,要对输水发电系统进行充水试验与放空排水试验,在试验过程中监测输水系统的应力、应变与渗漏水情况。本文以尾水系统为例,介绍了试验所应具备的工程条件、工作程序及技术要求、试验成果分析和存在问题处理等。试验表明,仙游抽水蓄能电站尾水系统设计合理,施工质量优良,结构可靠,可供同类工程参考与借鉴。