固定化酵母的双底物乙醇连续发酵

固定化酵母的双底物乙醇连续发酵邓旭，郑重鸣，岑沛霖，谢熠（浙江大学化工系二次资源实验室，杭州３１００２７）关键词：固定化酵母，酒精，发酵１前言固定化细胞发酵有着许多游离细胞发酵所不能比拟的优点，如减少细胞流失、增大菌体对外部条件如温度和ｐＨ值的抵抗能...     

A Possible Industrial Solution to Ferment Lignocellulosic Hydrolyzate to Ethanol: Continuous Cultivation with Flocculating Yeast

The cultivation of toxic lignocellulosic hydrolyzates has become a challenging research topic in recent decades. Although several cultivation methods have been proposed, numerous questions have arisen regarding their industrial applications. The current work deals with a solution to this problem which has a good potential application on an industrial scale. A toxic dilute-acid hydrolyzate was continuously cultivated using a high-cell-density flocculating yeast in a single and serial bioreactor which was equipped with a settler to recycle the cells back to the bioreactors. No prior detoxification was necessary to cultivate the hydrolyzates, as the flocks were able to detoxify it in situ. The experiments were successfully carried out at dilution rates up to 0.52 h⁻¹. The cell concentration inside the bioreactors was between 23 and 35 g-DW/L, while the concentration in the effluent of the settlers was 0.32 ± 0.05 g-DW/L. An ethanol yield of 0.42–0.46 g/g-consumed sugar was achieved, and the residual sugar concentration was less than 6% of the initial fermentable sugar (glucose, galactose and mannose) of 35.2 g/L.     

新型复合果蔬汁饮料的制作

研究了一种新型复合果蔬汁饮料的制作工艺。以芹菜、番茄和大白菜作为原材料,采用面包酵母驱除蔬菜所带有的异味,以壳聚糖作为新型澄清剂进行复合果蔬汁饮料的澄清,再采用新型抑菌剂羧甲基壳聚糖进行复合果蔬汁饮料的防腐,通过单因素试验和正交试验最终确定复合果蔬汁饮料的最佳配方。结果表明,复合果蔬汁饮料的最佳配方为:番茄汁60%、芹菜汁20%、大白菜汁20%、浓缩苹果汁0.3%、白砂糖2.5%、柠檬酸0.03%。面包酵母驱除蔬菜异味的用量为0.5%、壳聚糖作为澄清剂的用量为0.4 g/L、羧甲基壳聚糖作为防腐剂的用量为0.15%。     

透性化酒精酵母细胞产海藻糖发酵培养基的优化

为提高酒精酵母细胞发酵液中海藻糖的含量,在制备出透性化酒精酵母细胞的基础上,用单因素实验和响应面分析法,优化了酒精酵母的发酵培养基,确定了最适培养基组成.实验结果表明,酵母膏、蔗糖及氯化钠的添加量对海藻糖积累影响显著,影响程度依次为:酵母膏＞蔗糖＞氯化钠.优化后的培养基组成为:酵母膏14.7 g/L,蔗糖32.5 g/...     

Chemical characterization of fruit and fungal volatiles attractive to dried-fruit beetle,Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)

The chemical basis underlying orientation to fruit and fungal odors was investigated for the dried-fruit beetle,Carpophilus hemipterus (L.). In wind-tunnel bioassays of walking and flight response from 1.8 m, beetles were attracted to odors of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae on agar, aseptic banana, or banana inoculated withS. cerevisiae, although both banana substrates elicited greater response than the yeast alone. When presented in a two-choice bioassay, the yeast-inoculated banana attracted approximately twice as many beetles as did the aseptic banana. GC-MS analysis of the headspace volatiles above these odor sources revealed a somewhat more complex and concentrated volatile profile for yeast-inoculated banana than for aseptic banana. The odor from yeast on agar had fewer components, and these were present at lower concentrations than the odors of either banana substrate. By blending mineral-oil or aqueous solutions of the 18 components of inoculated-banana odor in varying concentrations, it was possible to mimic closely the headspace profile of the natural odor. This synthetic odor also elicited beetle attraction in the wind tunnel at levels comparable to the inoculated banana. Through a series of bioassays in which individual components were subtracted from or added to a synthetic odor blend, it was determined that ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde, 2-pentanol, and 3-methylbutanol comprised the simplest blend of compounds evoking full behavioral response. However, 2-methylpropanol or butanol were apparently interchangeable with 3-methylbutanol in this blend, and comparable response could also be elicited by replacing acetaldehyde with a combination of both 2-pentanone and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone. Thus, our results suggest that this generalist insect herbivore locates its hosts by a long-range response to a variety of blends of common fruit volatiles, whose concentrations are enhanced by fungi.     

一株降解棉酚的酵母菌培养特征及发酵效果分析

通过比较不同酵母茵在以醋酸棉酚为唯一碳源的固体培养基上的生长状况,筛选出一株在醋酸棉酚培养基中生长较好的产朊假丝酵母1087。酵母茵生长曲线测定结果表明,产朊假丝酵母1087在以醋酸棉酚为唯一碳源的液体培养基中,37℃、170r／min摇床条件下培养20h总菌数达到最大值。以产朊假丝酵母1087为接种剂,以棉粕和红薯渣等为主要原料的固体发酵试验,结果表明,发酵后的样品粗蛋白含量提高了37．4％,棉酚含量下降了55．6％。     

米酒酵母菌对鱼块除腥方法研究

研究鱼块除腥的方法。采用米酒酵母菌处理干鲢鱼鱼肉块,以活性干酵母除腥效果作对照,以感观评价为标准,观察酵母菌浓度、反应温度、反应时间单因素除腥效果,再通过正交实验确定最佳除腥工艺参数。结果表明：米酒酵母菌除腥效果较好,米酒酵母菌的最佳除腥接种量为25％（体积百分比）（菌种量为8．56×10^8个/mL）,38℃下反应120 min。     

DETERMINATION OF BREWING YEAST PLOIDY BY DNA MEASUREMENT

A method has been derived which permits the determination of the degree of ploidy in industrial strains of yeast. The method involves measuring the DNA content per cell of the strains, which is achieved by careful counting of the cells using a haemocytometer and a determination of the amount of DNA by a colorimetric method. Using this technique it was determined that the two industrial lager strains under investigation are tetraploid. * 1 These results have been briefly described at the meeting of the EBC Subgroup on Yeast Genetics, Copenhagen 1982.
     

啤酒酵母RNA提取条件的优化及其磁性固定化

通过浓盐法对啤酒酵母RNA进行提取,以磁性壳聚糖微球为载体,戊二醛交联法对RNA进行磁性固定化。通过比较反应体系中的无机磷和总磷的质量分数,对RNA的提取条件和固定化条件进行优化。结果表明,RNA提取温度对提取率的影响最为显著;在提取时间4h、提取温度100℃、氯化钠质量分数为10%和酵母质量分数为8%的最优条件下,RNA提取率达到6.13%。戊二醛交联法磁性固定化RNA的最佳条件为:反应时间4h,温度40℃;RNA最佳添加量为30mL(质量浓度2mg/mL)。