纯Ar气氛中退火对Al掺杂ZnO薄膜性能的影响

用射频磁控溅射技术制备了高度择优取向的Al掺杂ZnO(ZAO)薄膜,并对薄膜在纯氩气中进行了400～600℃的退火处理.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、光谱仪和四探针测试仪等对退火前后薄膜进行了表征和光学、电学性能研究.研究表明,纯氩气中退火处理对ZAO薄膜的晶体、光学和电学性能有影响.原位沉积的薄膜电阻率2.59Ωcm,可见光区透过率约70%.500℃纯Ar气氛中退火1h后,ZAO薄膜的平均晶粒有所长大,薄膜内应力达到最小,接近于松弛状态;薄膜可见光区平均透过率从70%提高到80%左右;而薄膜的电阻率变化不明显,从2.59Ωcm降低到1.13Ωcm.     

电铸金刚石-镍复合膜微观应力分析

用电铸方法，采用低应力电镀液，研制出了金刚石-金属复合膜。该复合膜的厚度为20-45μm，可用于制作超薄切割刀具。介绍了用X射线衍射法（xRD）测量多晶体微观应力的基本原理和用X射线衍射法测量镍多晶体显微应变的程序。用单波法计算了电铸金刚石-镍复合膜的显微应变，并用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了该复合膜的表面形貌。结果发现：阴极电流密度严重影响复合膜的显微应变，在实验所用电流密度范围内（0．6-3．5A／dm^2），随着电流密度的增加，显微应变减小。     

氢促进纯镍位错发射的分子动力学模拟及实验证明

采用 ＥＡＭ多体势的分子动力学模拟表明，Ｎｉ中固溶的氢能使裂尖发射位错的临界应力强度因子ＫＩｅ（θ＝４５°）从 １．００ ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２降为 ０．９０ＭＰａｍ·１／２；使 ＫＩｅ（θ＝７０°）从 ０．８２ ＭＰａ＞·ｍ１／２降为 ０．７０ ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２，即氢能促进位错的发射 另外 氢能使（１１１）滑移面上的 Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｔｈ裂纹解理扩展的临界应力强度因子ＫＩＧ（θ＝０°）从 １．０３ ＭＰ·ａｍ１／２降为０．９３ ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２、即氢使(１１）面的表面能下降 γ１１１（Ｈ）＝０．８２θθγ１１１；从而促进位错的发射 透射电＃（ＴＥＭ）原位观察表明，在氢致裂纹形核之前氢就能促进位错的发射和运动。     

镍基单晶合金枝晶典型区域相成分最优化测算法

建立了用于测算镍基单晶高温合金枝晶典型区域相成分的最优化数学模型.根据电子探针对枝晶典型区域成分的测定结果,运用BFGS拟Newton法及CONSTR约束优化算法,可以计算枝晶各典型区域中γ和γ＇相成分.以镍基单晶合金CMSX-2和CMSX-4为对象,对优化测算结果进行了分析,证实了该方法的可行性.     

7月份主要有色金属市场评述

铜 一、国内外价格走势。受美国股市大跌和经济指标的影响,7月份中、下旬国内外铜价均出现大幅跳水行情。LME三月铜价上旬在1650美元/吨盘整,19日轻松跌破1627美元/吨,月末降至1500美元/吨。当月期铜和三月期铜的平均价分别为1589美元/吨和1608美元/吨,均比上月跌3.52%。基金的持仓由大量净多转为净空,对铜价的下跌起到推波助澜的作用。     

喷涂与激光重熔技术制备镍基纳米钴包碳化物复合涂层的研究

采用横流2．0kW CO2激光器，在45钢表面制备了表面较平整、较细密、基本消除了裂纹与孔隙并与基体呈冶金结合的镍基纳米WC／Co复合涂层。通过SEM，EDAX，XRD，AFM及Nano Indenter XP分析了熔覆层的显微组织、成分、物相及结合强度。结果表明，涂层的显微组织为涂层中镶嵌着大量与Ni基合金结合良好的WC／C。颗粒，其中在原子力显微镜下可见相当数量的粒度≤100μm的纳米颗粒。涂层的结合强度比传统热喷涂涂层提高了2．1倍。涂层中纳米WC／Co的纳米效应在激光熔覆中起着重要作用。     

Ni—W合金电镀层内应力的研究

研究了Ｎｉ－Ｗ合金电镀工艺组成对镀层内应力的影响。介绍了测量内应力的方法。当在一个合适的镀液组成范围时，可以获得应力相对较低的镀层。     

Superplastic behavior of Al-Cu-Li based alloy

The superplastic behavior was studied in an Al-4Cu-ILi-0.4Mg-0.4Ag-0.1Zr alloy. The alloys were manufactured both by＂ a conventional rolling route and a thermo-mechanical treatment route. The superplastic properties were evaluated as a function of temperature, strain rate, and processing history. Prior to thermo-mechanical processing, the alloys have elevated-temperature ductilities of 94% to 130%, strain rate sensitivities of about 0.25, and activation energies corresponding to lattice diffusion. After thermo-mechanical processing, the alloys have ductilities of 200% to 630%, strain rate sensitivity of about 0.42, and activation energies corresponding to grain boundary diffusion or a mixture of grain boundary diffusion and lattice diffusion. Skipping rapid recrystallization annealing can supply a higher value of elongation-to-failure.     

Fabrication of niobium doped Pb（Zr, Ti）O3 fibers by viscous polymer processing

A technique based on viscous polymer processing （VPP） was described, which can produce high ceramic content green fibers. PZT-5 ceramic powders were ball milled to get high dispersibility. The slurry prepared for VPP was a composition of PZT-5 powder, PVA binder and glycerin. High ceramic content PZT-5 fibers were extruded with the slurry. The results show that the ceramic powders have fine mean particle size of 0.54 pan, high specific surface area of 3.55 m^2/g and zeta potential of 8.81 mV after 16 h milling. The fibers sintered at 1 280 ℃ for 4 h have pure perovskite structure and grains of 2-5 μm in size, with little pores or cracks. The ultimate tensile strength of sintered fibers is up to 13.84 MPa compared with 2.88 MPa of green fibers. The remnant polarization （Pr） and coercive field （Ec） of the fibers are 50.65 μC/cm^2 and 2.45 kV/mm, respectively. This fiber can withstand an electric field of 9 kV/mm higher than the ceramic （5 kV/mm）, which shows high directional and compact qualities.