Production of phenolic compounds in catalytic pyrolysis of bagasse lignin in the presence of Ca0.5Pr0.5FeO3

Herein,sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS)was used as a template to control the synthesis of Ca_0.5Pr_0.5FeO₃.Its microstructure,composition,and morphology were detected via X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The properties of catalyzing bagasse lignin(BL)pyrolysis were determined by thermogravimetric analysis(TG)test and evaluation of a fixed bed alumina microreactor.The results show that the sample Ca_0.5Pr_0.5FeO₃regulated by SDBS has a cubic crystal phase,and the addition of SDBS does not cause phase transition.Moreover,when the SDBS concentration is 0.10 mol/L,the particle size is 200-500 nm and the specific surface area is 11.26 m²/g.The yields of gas,liquid,and solid products in the BL catalytic pyrolysis are 39.58 wt%,26.76 wt%and 32.36 wt%,respectively.The contents of CO₂and CO decrease from 54.07%and 4.98%to 45.29%and 3.23%,respectively.The liquid products are mainly guaiacol,syringol,and phenol,and the total selectivity of phenols is 83.67%,accompanied by a small amount of non-aromatic oxygen-containing compounds(five-membered ring(furan)or ester).Compared with the BL pyrolysis and Ca_0.5Pr_0.5FeO₃catalytic pyrolysis products,the selectivity of guaiacol compounds increases by43.26%,while those of syringol compounds and phenylketones decrease by 30.08%and 3.39%,respectively.The selectivity of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol is 28.37%.After five catalytic pyrolysis-regeneration cycles,the characteristic peaks of the catalyst do not change significantly and the particles are uniform,suggesting that the catalyst has good crystal phase stability and regeneration stability.     

3种真菌降解甘蔗渣能力及菌糠营养功能评价

以甘蔗渣为主要培养基质,通过组分分析、显微观察、菌糠营养成分分析及抗氧化能力测定,研究3个供试菌株蔗渣降解能力。结果显示,黑木耳对3大组分降解能力最强,对木质素和半纤维素降解率均大于40%。菌糠营养成分和抗氧化分析得出,经食用菌或药用菌处理后,菌糠粗蛋白与多糖含量明显增加,经灰树花处理后其多糖含量最高,达21.71 mg/g;黑木耳和灰树花处理样品水提物清除DPPH自由基能力较强。     

Potential of bagasse obtained using hydrothermal liquefaction pre-treatment as a natural emulsifier

Bagasse, a by-product from raw sugar factories, is conventionally burned for energy production. In this study, bagasse extracts from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) treatment (160 °C, 1 MPa and 30 min) with a carbohydrate content of 510.3 mg g⁻¹ and 0.5 mg g⁻¹ of total phenols were applied as emulsifiers in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Bagasse extracts from HTL (0.5–4 wt%) lowered the interfacial tension between oil–water interphase from 19.8 to 14.0 mN m⁻¹, owing possibly to the surface-active hydrophilic carbohydrate-hydrophobic lignin complexes in the extracts (lignin content: 7.1% w/w). Emulsions stabilised by bagasse extracts from HTL with average droplet size, d_av of 0.79 μm were comparable with gum arabic (GA), d_av of 2.24 μm after 11 days at 25 °C. Bagasse extracts containing biopolymers have the potential for industrial applications involving emulsion systems; therefore, HTL treatment of bagasse without any solvents can be regarded as an effective tool for producing natural emulsifiers.     

甘蔗糖厂副产物及废弃物的资源化利用

蔗渣、滤泥、废蜜是甘蔗糖厂典型的3大副产物,也是糖厂综合利用和新产品开发的主要对象。随着环保意识的增强、糖厂节能减排和清洁生产理念在实际生产中的体现以及制糖新工艺新技术的应用,锅炉烟道气、蔗渣灰、浮渣、糖蜜酒精废醪液等糖厂副产物和废弃物的综合利用也越来越受到重视。本文基于甘蔗糖厂副产物和废弃物的组成及其理化特性,综述了近年来国内外甘蔗糖厂副产物和废弃物资源化利用的最新研究成果,为我国制糖企业开展副产物和废弃物资源化利用新途径研究和新产品开发提供参考。     

Fire resistant and mechanical properties of bagasse packaging paper coated with hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane/starch/NaHCO3/CaCO3/cellulose nanocrystals composite

This work aimed to enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of bagasse paper by synthesizing new coatings to prevent bagasse paper from the ignition. Paper sheets were treated with 0.5 percent cychlodiphosph(V)azane/ CaCO₃ solution (1.5 percent), 1.5 percent NaHCO₃ solution, and CNCs mixed with 5.0percent of starch. Paper sheets were treated by immersing bagasse paper in a coating mixture. The paper sheets were then allowed to air dry at ambient temperature. It is important to measure the burning rate (BR) to give people a chance to decrease the loss. These enhancements were investigated using elongation and tensile strength, air permeability test, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and combustion tests (UL/94 and LOI). So, the bagasse paper treatments can be used as packaging materials.     

Photofermentative hydrogen production using Rhodobium marinum from bagasse and soy sauce wastewater

A marine photosynthetic bacterial consortium was studied for its capability of hydrogen production using treated soy sauce wastewater and bagasse as a sole carbon source. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles showed that the dominant bacterium in the bacterial consortium was Rhodobium marinum. The effects of treatments of soy sauce wastewater were tested for hydrogen production. The feedstock treatments included dilution, sterilization, neutralization and by adding sodium bicarbonate and yeast extract. The maximal cumulative hydrogen production was achieved up to 200 ± 67 mL H₂ in the medium containing soy sauce and 41 ± 16 mL H₂ from the hydrolyzed bagasse as substrate.     

Antioxidant properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) bagasses obtained as co-product in the juice extraction

The aim of this work was to determine the total phenol (TPC), the total flavonoid (TFC), the tannins contents (TC), organic acids and sugar contents and the antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice extraction bagasses, which were obtained in two different ways: (i) Direct extraction that involved arils and peel (WFB) and (ii) only from arils (AB). Four different test systems were used, namely the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); determination of antioxidant activity with thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and the ferrous ion-chelating ability (FIC). WFB presented higher total phenolic, flavonoid and tannins contents (10.05 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample; 7.19 mg rutin equivalent/g sample and 8.18 mg catechin/g sample) than AB. The organic acid detected were oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid and succinic acid while the sugar identified were fructose and glucose. As regards antioxidant activity, at all concentrations and with all methods, the WFB samples showed a higher antioxidant activity than AB samples. BHT, used as control positive, present higher antioxidant activity than WFB and AB in all antioxidant methods used except in the FRAP assay.The results of this study indicate that pomegranate bagasse obtained as co-product in the process to obtain juice may be considered a good source of natural compounds with significant antioxidant activity which could be suitable for applications on the food industry as potential ingredient for food products.     

利用甘蔗渣制备羟甲基纤维素的工艺研究

本文采用甘蔗渣为原料，经单一态氧漂白，在乙醇溶剂中与氢氧化钠、氯乙酸反应，制备了羟甲基纤维素。讨论了反应温度、时间及物料配比对产品性能的影响。确定了最佳反应条件。     

Sweet sorghum as a whole-crop feedstock for ethanol production

The potential of sweet sorghum as an alternative crop for ethanol production was investigated in this study. Initially, the enzymatic hydrolysis of sorghum grains was optimized, and the hydrolysate produced under optimal conditions was used for ethanol production with an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, resulting in an ethanol concentration of 87 g L⁻¹. From the sugary fraction (sweet sorghum juice), 72 g L⁻¹ ethanol was produced. The sweet sorghum bagasse was submitted to acid pretreatment for hemicellulose removal and hydrolysis, and a flocculant strain of Scheffersomyces stipitis was used to evaluate the fermentability of the hemicellulosic hydrolysate. This process yielded an ethanol concentration of 30 g L⁻¹ at 23 h of fermentation. After acid pretreatment, the remaining solid underwent an alkaline extraction for lignin removal. This partially delignified material, known as partially delignified lignin (PDC), was enriched with nutrients in a solid/liquid ratio of 1 g/3.33 mL and subjected to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process, resulting in an ethanol concentration of 85 g L⁻¹ at 21 h of fermentation. Thus, from the conversion of starchy, sugary and lignocellulosic fractions approximately 160 L ethanol.ton⁻¹ sweet sorghum was obtained. This amount corresponds to 13,600 L ethanol.ha⁻¹.     

The economic potential of bagasse cogeneration as CDM projects in Indonesia

Surplus bagasse in Indonesian sugar mills is potential for grid-connected electricity-generating projects under Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) scheme. In addition, it is further perceived to considerably support the efforts to address prevailing crises in domestic sugar industry and power generation sector. This paper aims at analyzing the economic potential of bagasse cogeneration as CDM projects in Indonesia with the main deliverables of total emission reductions per year and Certified Emission Reduction (CER) earnings. The analysis was made by following the applicable methodologies and based on publicly available data from official and other sources on the websites. The results show that with the electricity displacement potential at 260,253 MWh, Indonesia could generate Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reductions as much as 240,774 (large scale) or 198,177 tCO₂ (small scale) per annum from the recently-employed low efficiency cogeneration leading to the earnings of about US$1.36 or 1.12 million, respectively. Out of 6 regional grids where the electricity from the project activities can be grid-connected, the primary emission reductions potentials are encountered in Java-Bali and Southern Sumatera grids. Additionally, various barriers in technical, institutional, financial, and other aspects have been identified as the justifications to pass the additionality test.