加氢裂化装置控制重质蜡油混炼比的实践

从2008年8月起，辽阳石化公司加氢裂化装置开始加工俄罗斯蜡油与委内瑞拉蜡油的混合原料油。为了在最大程度上减小原料变化对装置运行的影响，同时又保证主要轻油产品的质量和收率，将俄罗斯蜡油与委内瑞拉蜡油的掺炼比例定为8：1。由于委内瑞拉蜡油为含硫、含氮的重质原料，掺炼委内瑞拉蜡油后，原料油的硫含量、氮含量、残炭、沥青质含量分别由0．78％（质量分数）、1220μg／g、0．20％（质量分数）、0.01％（质量分数）提高到了1．26％（质量分数）、1357μg/g、0．22％（质量分数）、0．012％（质量分数）；催化剂床层温度略有升高，精制油氮含量由11μg／g提高到了171μg／g。但由于委内瑞拉蜡油掺炼量小，硫、氮、沥青质等杂质的含量仍在设计限值之内，不会影响催化剂的活性和选择性，同时采取了在精制反应器入口设置内置过滤器等措施，保证了装置的稳定运行。加氢裂化装置产品标定结果表明，掺炼委内瑞拉蜡油后，加氢裂化装置柴油收率和轻质油转化率分别保持在了51％和90％以上，达到了预期的目的。     

日本桑阿洛依公司的异型硬质合金生产

叙述了日本桑阿洛依公司异型硬质合金的生产方法。对该公司在混合料制备、成形加工和烧结等工艺方面的独特方法进行了较深入的探讨。     

A cluster analysis study based on profitability and financial indicators in the Italian gas retail market

In the European Union, the natural gas market is increasingly being liberalized. The liberalization process is aimed at leading to lower prices and higher volumes, and hence higher consumer welfare.     

谈公司改制后内部结算中心的管理问题

公司改制后内部结算中心管理方面存在的问题和改进的建议。     

Resource and revenue potential of California residential load participation in ancillary services

Increasing penetrations of intermittent renewable energy resources will require additional power system services. California recently adopted an energy storage mandate to support its renewable portfolio standard, which requires 33% of delivered energy from renewables by 2020. The objective of this paper is to estimate the amount of energy storage that could be provided by residential thermostatically controlled loads, such as refrigerators and air conditioners, and the amount of revenue that could be earned by loads participating in ancillary services markets. We model load aggregations as virtual energy storage, and use simple dynamical system models and publicly available data to generate our resource and revenue estimates. We find that the resource potential is large: 10–40 GW/8–12 GWh, which is significantly more than that required by the mandate. We also find that regulation and spinning/non-spinning reserve revenues vary significantly depending upon type of load and, for heat pumps and air conditioners, climate zone. For example, mean regulation revenues for refrigerators are $11/year, for electric water heaters are $24/year, for air conditioners are $0-32/year, and for heat pumps are $22–56/year. Both consumer choices, such as appliance settings, and policy, such as the design of ancillary service compensation and appliance standards, could increase revenue potentials.     

Bugs,Bats and Animal Estates: The Architectural Territories of ‘Wild Beasts’

For architecture, animals and insects have conventionally represented the threat of infestation - a parasitic and insanitary uninvited presence. Could the animal world, however, offer previously untapped opportunities for design innovation? At a time when the relationship between architecture and nature is coming under question, Ben Campkin takes the opportunity to bring attention to the wider social and geographical processes lying beneath the occupation of the man-made environment by insect and animal life. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

得失之间——从陈明记营造厂看中国近代建筑工业体系之发展

今天在建筑设计层面上的研究往往演化为在建筑风格．样式上的争论,已成为研究近代建筑中一个解不开的困扰,而另一方面,正是我们所忽视的营造业在近代之成功转型,却奠定了当今中国建筑业蓬勃发展的基础,本研究试图将视野投向20世纪初期南京的一个新式营造厂——“承明记”的特殊成功经历,在设计与建造过程的双重比较研究下,揭示中国近代建筑工业体系之发展。     

艾默生CT变频器在鞍钢的规模化应用

本文介绍了艾默生CT变频器在鞍钢的规模化应用。根据不同的工艺要求采用不同的控制方式来满足现场需求,体现艾默生CT变频器广泛的应用领域和强大的规模化驱动能力。     

鄂尔多斯盆地大气区的勘探实践与前瞻

鄂尔多斯盆地天然气资源丰富，中国石油长庆油田公司（以下简称长庆油田）在该盆地内已先后发现了靖边、榆林、子洲、乌审旗、苏里格、神木等6个千亿立方米级大气田，系统总结该大气区的勘探成果和有效做法，兼具指导和借鉴作用。为此，根据长庆油田50多年的天然气勘探实践，梳理了各主要历史阶段所依靠的地质理论和所取得的认识突破，分析总结了历经长期技术攻关所形成的适用性勘探配套技术，以及在拓宽勘探思路、创新管理机制等方面的历史经验和有效做法。理论突破点包括：河流三角洲成藏理论、大型致密气成藏理论和盆地南部沉积物源体系新认识；技术创新点包括：全数字地震技术、气层测井精细评价技术和致密砂岩储层改造技术；拓宽勘探思路包括：大型岩性气藏勘探部署思路和勘探开发一体化战略；管理创新包括：扁平化项目管理和对标管理。