Assessing the landscape context and conversion risk of protected areas using satellite data products

Since the establishment of the first national park (Yellowstone National Park in 1872) and the first wildlife refuge (Pelican Island in 1903), dramatic changes have occurred in both ecological and cultural landscapes across the U.S. The ability of these protected areas to maintain current levels of biodiversity depend, at least in part, on the integrity of the surrounding landscape. Our objective was to quantify and compare the extent and pattern of natural land cover, risk of conversion, and relationships with demographic and economic variables in counties near National Park Service units and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service refuges with those counties distant from either type of protected area in the coterminous United States. Our results indicate that landscapes in counties within 10 km of both parks and refuges and those within 10 km of just parks were more natural, more intact, and more protected than those in counties within 10 km of just refuges and counties greater than 10 km from either protected area system. However, they also had greater human population density and change in population, indicating potential conversion risk since the percent of landscape protected averaged < 5% in both groups and human population dynamics are primary drivers of change in many landscapes. Conversion outweighed protection by at least two times (Conservation Risk Index > 2) in 76% of counties near both parks and refuges, 81% of counties near just parks, 91% of counties near just refuges, and 93% of distant counties. Thirteen percent of counties in the coterminous U.S. had moderate to high amounts of natural land cover (> 60%), low protection (< 20%), and the greatest change in population (> 20%). Although these areas are not the most critically endangered, they represent the greatest conservation opportunity, need, and urgency. Our approach is based on national level metrics that are simple, general, informative, and can be understood by broad audiences and by policy makers and managers to assess the health of lands surrounding parks and refuges. Regular monitoring of these metrics with satellite data products in counties surrounding protected areas provides a consistent, national level assessment of management opportunities and potentially adverse changes on adjacent lands.     

多种标准信号采集板

介绍一种接口电路,可采集符合现场总线标准的直流电信号。因此,对标准信号设计采休电路具有普遍意义。文中对采集板的硬件设计和软件进行了较详细介绍。     

基于Windows 9x/2000/NT平台汉字输入法的设计

本文首先分析了在中文（简体／繁体）Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９ｘ／２０００／ＮＴ中,汉字输入法的组成和设计思想,在此基础上介绍了Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９ｘ／２０００／ＮＴ平台下汉字输入法的开发环境、数据结构和一些关键技术的实现手段。     

异构数据库迁移的设计和实现*

介绍了基于B/S模式异构数据库迁移的具体实现, 阐述了分布式数据库概念、JDBC原理和数据库转换技巧;详细说明了数据转换规则、数据库连接、迁移过程、断点续传。     

变频技术与电动机调速

目前,我国电动机总装机容量达4．5亿千瓦,电动机总装机容量占目前总用电量的70％以上,其中近70％的电机拖动的负载是风机、泵类、压缩机等,而其中又有近70％的电机适合进行调速,即有约两亿千瓦的电机处在浪费运行的状态。因此如何实现电动机节能就显得非常重要。文章根据目前应用比较广泛的交流电动机,简单地介绍它的特点,结合以往的调速方式以及各自调速方式的优劣性,分析为什么要采用变频调速,而且如何实现变频调速,以及采用变频调速以后节能的效果。     

Investigation of the chromate conversion coating on Alclad 2024 aluminium alloy: effect of the pH of the chromate bath

The parameters of the chromate bath, like temperature, pH, and fluoride content, strongly affect the morphology and chemical composition of the chromate conversion coating and as a consequence have a large influence on its corrosion performance. In this paper, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used in combination with other techniques to investigate the role played by the pH of the chromate bath on the properties of the chromate film formed on Alclad 2024 aluminium alloy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) have shown the formation of a thicker and less dense chromate layer when the pH of the chromate bath is changed from 2.4 to 1.2. The analysis of the EIS spectra have highlighted that this change in pH leads to the formation of more protective and more resistant chromate corrosion products (CCP) inside the defects of the chromate film. When a thin, dense and protective layer of CCP is formed in the defects, the corrosion behaviour of the chromate conversion coating improves for two main reason: (a) further attack of the defects is avoided or delayed; (b) the change in volume caused by the formation of the CCP is limited resulting in a low level of stress in the film, which as a consequence is not detached from the aluminium substrate.     

RSA密码算法的一种新的快速软件实现方法

在介绍标准RSA密码系统的基础上，利用计算近似最短加法链算法给出了软件实现模幂运算的一种改进方法；基于求解孙子定理的混合基数计算算法(MRC)改进了RSA的解密方法；最后，结合快速有效的素数测试方法提出了一种能够快速软件实现RSA密码算法的新方法，并分析比较了各相关算法的计算效率。实验结果表明：利用该方法实现的RSA密码软件系统，可使加、解密运算速度平均提高6~10倍。     

用NaI(Tl)探测器测量γ辐射场剂量特性的加权积分法研究

辐射场剂量特性的测量可以通过剂量率仪或谱 剂量转换的方法来实现。其中一种谱 剂量转换的方法是通过一个G(E)函数 ,把测得的结果直接换算成剂量而不需解谱。本文采用这种方法 ,对一个75mm× 75mm的NaI(Tl)探测器的能谱特性进行测量与分析 ,算出了该晶体的G(E)函数值及估计的误差 ,并用此方法与高气压电离室作了比对测量     

8098温度巡回检测系统

介绍8098温度巡回检测系统的硬件电路、软件设计与分析及系统功能。     

面向文件的XBASE数据库多媒体信息提取转换的自动批处理

dBASEX、FoxBASE、FoxPro等XBASE数据库改造升级时,XBASE数据库DBF表文件向Oracle、SQLSever等数据库加载升级有各种不同的方法,但对于存储在FPT备注文件中的图像和WAV音频等多媒体信息数据的转换则没有好的解决办法。论文分析了各个版本XBASE数据库文件、图像和WAV音频的存储结构,提出了面向文件的XBASE数据库多媒体信息导出转换的自动批处理方法,提高了数据库转换工作的效率,解决了无法转换XBASE备注文件中多媒体数据的问题,该方法具有很强的可操作性和实用性。