Lipid composition of shark liver oil: effects of emulsifying and microencapsulation processes

The lipid composition and fatty acid profile in neutral and polar fraction was determined by TLC-Iatroscan, and Gas Chromatography, in shark oil obtained from a pool of livers from the following species: Ginglimostoma cirratun, Carcharhinus longimanus, and C. falciformis captured in Cuban waters. Two processes, emulsification, and microencapsulation were applied to increase oil stability. The fatty acid profile was obtained for emulsion and microencapsulated oil and the effect of applied treatments was evaluated. Shark oil composition was mainly Triglycerides (97.2%) and a small concentration of phospholipids (0.3%). Twenty-one fatty acids were identified in neutral fraction, and 18 in polar fraction, polyunsaturated ones represented 26.5% of total lipids in the liver oil. Emulsification and microencapsulation processes do not significantly affect fatty acid shark oil composition, in contrast they reduce oxidation, and increase oil stability.     

胜利油田胜坨原油乳化特性研究

研究了胜利油田胜坨原油以及从中分离出的沥青、胶质和烷烃的乳化特性及其协同效应。结果表明,胜坨原油经稀释后能与酸性水、中性水及碱性水乳化形成超高含水量(>90%)w/o型乳状液。分散在烷烃中的沥青以及水相中存在的高价电解质对乳状液具有重要的稳定作用。在酸性尤其是碱性水中,胶质及沥青中所含的极性组分能与水相中的碱或酸反应生成少量低表面活性的水溶性表面活性剂,但不足以使w/o型乳状液破乳或转为o/w型。胶质与碱水之间的动态最低界面张力可达10~(-2)mN/m,与碱水乳化时,胶质和沥青之间存在最强的协同效应。     

胜利孤东原油中酸性组分的分离,分析及界面活性

用溶剂萃取法从胜利孤东原油中萃取、浓缩出含有机酸的活性组分，用柱色谱分离成窄馏分并进行了波谱鉴定。考察了胜利孤东原油及萃取出酸性活性组分的剩余油与碱水溶液的乳化性质和界面张力性质。结果表明，萃余油失去了原油所具有的与碱水间的良好乳化性质和低界面张力性质，但与复合驱油体系间仍能产生明显的乳化作用     

乳化沥青的技术与应用

通过对沥青乳化各种影响因素的分析，在实验室以两种沥青为原料进行了乳化试验，根据试验结果进行了乳化沥青工业生产，并将产品用于实际施工。结果表明，伊朗轻油100号沥青和沙特轻油70号沥青分别在0．5％复配乳化刺(EMU—A：EMU—B=1：7)和0．25％复配乳化剂(EMU—A：EMU—B=1：5)条件下能够生产出合格的乳化沥青工业产品，并且实际应用效果良好。     

超微粒乳剂乳化的参数分析

对超微粒乳剂乳化的参数进行了讨论，提出了一些实验数据，指出严格控制乳化参数对提高计量圆光栅的感光性能和表面质量的重要意义。     

胜利金家油田泡沫驱油室内研究

用阴离子、非离子和氟化表面活性剂、三聚磷酸钠、水玻璃及胜利金家油田注入水配制的起泡液，起泡能力强，形成的泡沫稳定性好，可通过乳化作用降低金家粘性原油的表观粘度。在人工填砂模型上，该起泡液与８倍体积的氮气形成的泡沫驱出了水驱残余油１６．４％，提高采收率６．９８％。     

Synthesis and Properties of a Cationic Gemini Surfactant with the Hydrophenanthrene Structure

A novel cationic gemini surfactant with the hydrophenanthrene structure has been synthesized from dehydroabietylamine. Its structure was confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, and elemental analysis. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant and its surface tension at the CMC (γ _CMC) in aqueous solution were about 1.58 × 10^?5 mol L^?1 and 36.6 mN m^?1 at 25 °C, respectively. The emulsion composed of equal amounts of benzene and an aqueous solution with 0.1 % gemini surfactant as emulsifier maintained its stability for 8.5 h. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial activities of the gemini surfactant against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia aerogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were much better than those of bromogeramine and ampicillin sodium against the same bacteria, and its minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 16, 32, and 4 μg mL^?1, respectively.     

Molecular and functional modification of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose by high-intensity ultrasound

The application of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) to modify biopolymers is increasingly been studied. Because of cavitation, HIUS can modify the structure of some proteins and polysaccharides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity ultrasound on the particle size of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) with different molecular weights by dynamic light scattering and to assess the impact on some relevant functional properties.