乙酸乙酯与乙酸正丙酯的切换式连续生产

作者在对乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸正丙酯和乙酸丁酯的现有生产工艺进行分析后,以乙酸乙酯和乙酸正丙酯为研究对象,在以往对两者研究的基础上,提出了乙酸乙酯与乙酸正丙酯切换式连续生产的工艺流程,并且通过模拟计算和小试验证证明,在同样的生产装置上,可以分别连续生产乙酸乙酯和乙酸正丙酯,采用该工艺生产乙酸乙酯能耗低于传统工艺12%,生产乙酸正丙酯比原有工艺可以提高收率2%。     

Graft polymerization of vinyl acetate onto silica

The free‐radical graft polymerization of vinyl acetate onto nonporous silica particles was studied experimentally. The grafting procedure consisted of surface activation with vinyltrimethoxysilane, followed by free‐radical graft polymerization of vinyl acetate in ethyl acetate with 2,2′‐azobis(2,4‐dimethylpentanenitrile) initiator. Initial monomer concentration was varied from 10 to 40% by volume and the reaction was spanned from 50 to 70°C. The resulting grafted polymer, which was stable over a wide range of pH levels, consisted of polymer chains that are terminally and covalently bonded to the silica substrate. The experimental polymerization rate order, with respect to monomer concentration, ranged from 1.61 to 2.00, consistent with the kinetic order for the high polymerization regime. The corresponding rate order for polymer grafting varied from 1.24 to 1.43. The polymer graft yield increased with both initial monomer concentration and reaction temperature, and the polymer‐grafted surface became more hydrophobic with increasing polymer graft yield. The present study suggests that a denser grafted polymer phase of shorter chains was created upon increasing temperature. On the other hand, both polymer chain length and polymer graft density increased with initial monomer concentration. Atomic force microscopy–determined topology of the polymer‐grafted surface revealed a distribution of surface clusters and surface elevations consistent with the expected broad molecular‐weight distribution for free‐radical polymerization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 300–310, 2003     

精对苯二甲酸装置乙酸甲酯回收与利用

介绍了精对苯二甲酸装置对二甲苯氧化反应过程中副产物乙酸甲酯回收与利用，乙酸甲酯回收不仅可以减少排放到大气和污水中的有机物，而且可以返回到氧化反应系统，改善反应状况，降低醋酸消耗。     

4-氟邻苯二酚的合成

以对氟苯酚为原料,在浓硫酸催化下,经乙酸酐酯化反应生成乙酸对氟苯酯;乙酸对氟苯酯在三氯化铝作用下,发生Fries重排反应,生成5氟2羟基苯乙酮;再经Dak in氧化合成了4氟邻苯二酚。此路线总收率为45.4%,且产品及其中间体经IR1、H NMR和MS等谱图确证。整个路线,原料易得,条件温和,产率较高,适合于以后的进一步工业化生产研究。     

掺和改性聚醋酸乙烯溶剂型建筑粘合剂的研究

通过在均聚醋酸乙烯树脂中加入胺类、聚醚类、聚氨醚类和环氧树脂等各种掺和剂进行改性,使其使用时间有不同程度地提高,而粘合强度不下降。     

SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2超强酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯的研究

在催化剂SO2 -4/ZrO2 存在下 ,研究了乙酸异戊酯的合成反应 ,考察了反应物用量、反应时间、催化剂用量对酯化反应的影响。最佳工艺条件 :催化剂用量 1 5g、醇酸摩尔比为 1∶2 5、反应时间 1 5h ,收率达 73 5 %。     

微波诱导稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2／Ce^4＋催化合成乙酸正丁酯

本文探讨了标题合成方法中合成反应条件对酯收率的影响。其最佳反应条件为：n(醇)：n(酸)=2．5：1．0，固体超强酸用量为反应物总质量的2．0％，微波辐射功率528W，辐射时间20min，酯收率达89．5％。用IR等手段对产品进行了确证。     

尼龙66/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐共混体系的研究(Ⅰ)乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物熔融接枝马来酸酐的制备与表征

以马来酸酐为单体、过氧化物为引发剂，采用熔融挤出法制备了乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(EVA-g-MAH)。重点讨论了不同型号的EVA、过氧化物引发剂品种及用量、单体MAH用量和加工工艺条件等因素时接枝反应的影响。通过化学滴定法和傅立叶红外光谱法(FTlR)证实部分马来酸酐确实以化学键连接到EVA分子链上。与聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)相比，EVA中由于含有醋酸乙烯(VA)基团，极性较大，与MAH的相客性较好，因而在相同的条件下接枝效率也更大；而且VA含量越大，越有利于接枝反应。比较不同的过氧化物引发剂BPO和DCP。发现DCP的引发效果更好。实验结果还表明，在EVA进行接枝反应的同时存在着交联反应，引发剂DCP的用量不宜过高，为得到接枝率适中，交联度很小的接枝产物，还要选择合适的MAH与DCP的用量。     

聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液改性研究进展

综述了国内外对聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液的改性研究,如耐水性、稳定性等方面的研究进展,并对聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液的发展前景进行展望。     

Heat Induced Structure Modifications in Polymer‐Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

Summary: The success of the use of layered silicates in polymer nanocomposites, to improve physical and chemical properties is strictly related to a deeper knowledge of the mechanistic aspects on which the final features are grounded. This work shows the temperature induced structural rearrangements of nanocomposites based on poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl acetate)] (EVA) intercalated‐organomodified clay (at 3–30 wt.‐% silicate addition) which occur in the range between 75 and 350 °C. In situ high temperature X‐ray diffraction (HT‐XRD) studies have been performed under both nitrogen and air to monitor the modifications of the nanocomposite structure at increasing temperatures under inert/oxidative atmosphere. Heating between 75 and 225 °C, under nitrogen or air, causes the layered silicate to migrate towards the nanocomposite surface and to increase its interlayer distance. The degradation of both the clay organomodifier and the VA units of the EVA polymer seems to play a key role in driving the evolution of the silicate phase in the low temperature range. The structural modifications of the nanocomposites in the high temperature range (250–350 °C), depended on the atmosphere, either inert or oxidizing, in which the samples were heated. Heating under nitrogen led to deintercalation and thus a decrease of the silicate interlayer space, whereas exfoliation was the main process under air leading to an increase of the silicate interlayer space.

Heat induced structural modification of EVA‐clay nanocomposite under nitrogen and air.