Molecular design and characterization of catalysts for NO x selective reduction by hydrocarbons in the oxygen excess based upon ultramicroporous zirconia pillared clays

Approaches to design of zirconia pillared clays via control of the properties of pillaring species in solutions were elaborated. Structural features of pillars and Pt + Cu active components fixed at these nanoparticles were shown to determine catalytic properties of pillared clays in NO_x selective reduction by hydrocarbons in the oxygen excess.     

表面修饰银纳米颗粒的制备及摩擦学性能

以3-氨基-1,2,4-二噻唑-5-硫酮(ADTT)和均苯四甲酸酐为原料,在四氢呋喃溶液中,70℃下酰胺化反应合成了2,5-二(5-硫酮-1,2,4-二噻唑-3-甲酰胺基)-对苯二甲酸(BtdyTA),收率74%。以NaBH4为还原剂,在AgNO3水溶液中用液相化学还原法合成了表面修饰BtdyTA的银纳米颗粒,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外转换光谱仪(FTIR)和热分析仪(TG)对纳米颗粒的形貌、结构和热稳定性进行了表征,并在四球摩擦试验机上测试了表面修饰银纳米颗粒的抗摩减磨性能。结果表明,表面修饰的银纳米颗粒粒径分布均匀,平均粒径10nm左右,无团聚现象;在质量分数不大于5%时,可较好分散于液体石蜡等有机溶剂中,作为一种新的基础润滑油添加剂,可使摩擦系数减小32%,最小磨斑直径减小39%。     

Modern Applications of Electron Microscopy to Catalysis

The active sites of ultra-dispersed Pt/-Al₂O₃ catalysts are studied using high-resolution electron microscopy, Z-contrast and dark field. In addition we have calculated using a method based in density functional theory the electrostatic potential and charge distribution of the active sites. It is conclude that the most likely Pt clusters that are formed correspond to Pt₁₃ and Pt with icosahedral and decahedral structure. It is shown that this is consistent with the electron microscopy data.     

包覆油酸的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的制备

用FeSO4和FeCl3在氨水和油酸作用下,共沉淀制备了包覆油酸的Fe3O4纳米粒子,考察了沉淀温度、油酸加入前反应时间及总铁离子浓度对其粒径的影响。结果显示,沉淀温度的升高和油酸加入前反应时间的延长,均可使Fe3O4粒径增大。沉淀温度从20℃增加到80℃,粒径从大约5 nm增加到8 nm;油酸加入前反应时间从10 min延长到30 min,粒径从大约3 nm增加到8 nm。c(总铁离子)=0.1~1.1 mol/L时对粒径没有显著影响,Fe3O4粒径均为8 nm左右,c(总铁离子)>1.1 mol/L时,粒径明显减小。     

Preparation and properties of deep dye fibers from poly(ethylene terephthalate)/SiO2 nanocomposites by in situ polymerization

In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/SiO₂ nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ polymerization and melt‐spun to fibers. The superfine structure and properties of PET/SiO₂ fibers were studied in detail by means of TEM, DSC, SEM, and a universal tensile machine. According to the TEM, SiO₂ nanoparticles were well dispersed in the PET matrix at a size level of 10–20 nm. The DSC results indicated that the SiO₂ nanoparticles might act as a marked nucleating agent promoting the crystallization of the PET matrix from melt but which inhibited the crystallization from the glassy state, owing to the “crosslink” interaction between the PET and SiO₂ nanoparticles. The tensile strength of 5.73 MPa was obtained for the fiber from PET/0.1 wt % SiO₂, which was 17% higher than that of the pure PET. The fibers were treated with aqueous NaOH. SEM photographs showed that more and deeper pits were introduced onto PET fibers, which provided shortcuts for disperse dye and diffused the reflection to a great extent. According to the K/S values, the color strength of the dyeing increased with increasing SiO₂ content. It is found that the deep dyeability of PET fibers was improved greatly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

One-step synthesis and characterization of polyelectrolyte-protected gold nanoparticles through a thermal process

Polyelectrolyte-protected gold nanoparticles have been facilely obtained by heating an amine-containing polyelectrolyte/HAuCl₄ aqueous solution without the additional step of introducing other reducing agents. All experimental data indicate that different initial molar ratio of polyelectrolyte to gold can lead to the formation of dispersed nanoparticles, quasi one-dimensional aggregates of nanoparticles or bulk metal deposits. More importantly, the growth kinetics of gold particles thus formed can be tuned by changing the initial molar ratio of polyelectrolyte to gold.     

Synthesis of the Silver Nanofluid by ASNSS Process

Arc Spray Nanoparticle Synthesis System (ASNSS) has been used to prepare the silver nanofluids in this study. The metal electrodes under the electrical discharge will melt and evaporate rapidly and condense to form the nanoparticles in the dielectric fluid at lower temperature and produce the suspended nanoparticle fluid. Thus, the mechanism of the ASNSS process is superheating the electrodes by plasma to form metallic nuclei and supercooling these nuclei by dielectric liquid to produce nanofluid. This study considers the different controlling parameters such as discharge current,discharge voltage, pulse-duration time, electrode diameter, and the temperature of dielectric liquid. The optimally operated parameters can be obtained to produce the finer particle size in nanofluid. The results indicate the silver electrodes in alcohol fluid will produce the spherical nanosilver particles. The mean particle size of silver in different dielectric liquid temperatures of-40, -20, 0, and 10℃ is about13.4, 15.8, 17.5, and 21.6 nm, respectively. This indicates that the well suspended fluid can be obtained by controlling the lower dielectric fluid temperature.     

Novel electrically conductive and ferromagnetic composites of poly(aniline‐co‐aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid) with iron oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis and characterization

Nanocomposites of iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) with a sulfonated polyaniline, poly(aniline‐co‐aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid) [SPAN(ANSA)], were synthesized through chemical oxidative copolymerization of aniline and 5‐amino‐2‐naphthalenesulfonic acid/1‐amino‐5‐naphthalenesulfonic acid in the presence of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The nanocomposites [Fe₃O₄/SPAN(ANSA)‐NCs] were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, UV–visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), superconductor quantum interference device (SQUID), and electrical conductivity measurements. The TEM images reveal that nanocrystalline Fe₃O₄ particles were homogeneously incorporated within the polymer matrix with the sizes in the range of 10–15 nm. XRD pattern reveals that pure Fe₃O₄ particles are having spinel structure, and nanocomposites are more crystalline in comparison to pristine polymers. Differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves obtained through TGA informs that polymer chains in the composites have better thermal stability than that of the pristine copolymers. FTIR spectra provide information on the structure of the composites. The conductivity of the nanocomposites (～ 0.5 S cm^?1) is higher than that of pristine PANI (～ 10^?3 S cm^?1). The charge transport behavior of the composites is explained through temperature difference of conductivity. The temperature dependence of conductivity fits with the quasi‐1D variable range hopping (quasi‐1D VRH) model. SQUID analysis reveals that the composites show ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. The maximum saturation magnetization of the composite is 9.7 emu g^?1. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

水热法制备锰锌铁氧体纳米晶

以水热法制备了粒径为20－40nm的锰锌铁氧体纳米晶，以XRD、SEM、磁强计等对产物做了表征，分析了影响锰锌铁氧体纳米晶的因素。结果表明，在T≥150℃,t≥5h条件下，均能得到阵锌铁氧体纳米晶粉末。T＝450℃时制备的纳米晶的磁强度最高；添加剂能改善水热体系的均匀性，使产物分布均匀、晶相单一、团聚少。     

基于金纳米-植酸胶束混合组装的过氧化氢传感器的电化学研究

采用混合组装技术,利用植酸胶束(IP6micelles)的磷酸酯键络合辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)和金纳米粒子(GNPs),形成了具有生物亲和性的纳米复合材料,保持了辣根过氧化物酶的生物活性,并利用金纳米粒子的高电子密度、介电特性和催化性能,实现了HRP与玻碳电极(GCE)表面的直接电子转移。Nafion膜的滴加能提高电极的选择性和稳定性。实验过程中借助紫外-可见吸收光谱和透射电子显微镜进行表征,实验结果证明:GNPs的高导电和高催化性能,结合植酸胶束的优良生物相容性和对酶的高负载量的特点,使得吸附在其上的HRP保持活性,制备的生物传感器能对H2O2进行电催化还原。Nafion/HRP-IP6micelles-GNPs/GCE对H2O2的线性浓度范围为5×10-7～1.15×10-5mol/L(线性相关系数r=0.993,n=9),最低检测限为0.1μmol/L(信噪比S/N=3),米氏常数为0.002 4 mmol/L。