Ti/RuO_2-Co_3O_4阳极析氧性能

为制备高性能析氧电极,采用热分解法在400℃温度下制备Ti/RuO2(x)-Co3O4(1-x)(0≤x≤1,x为Ru的摩尔分数)复合氧化物电极,通过电极开路电压、循环伏安曲线及极化曲线等分析其在1.0mol/LKOH溶液中的析氧催化活性及析氧动力学.结果表明,摩尔分数为10%的RuO2使电极催化活性急剧变化,摩尔分数为50%的RuO2复合氧化物电极具有最大的伏安电荷(429.63mC.cm-2)、最高的表面粗糙度(1786),其析氧性能最佳;Ti/Co3O4在高、低过电位区域电极对OH-的反应级数分别近似为1.0和2.0,含RuO2电极反应级数均为1.0.     

非均相催化湿式氧化活性红2BF的研究

以Fe/AC为催化剂、O2为氧化剂的非均相催化氧化体系处理偶氮染料活性红2BF,考察了反应温度、氧分压、废水pH、催化剂投加量等因素对降解效果的影响。结果表明,染料初始质量浓度为400 mg/L时,在温度150℃、氧分压0.5 MPa、pH=3、反应时间60 min、催化剂投加量为4 g/L的最佳条件下,活性红2BF色度几乎完全去除,TOC去除率达94.21%。     

精制棉电催化氧化技术及工艺研究

利用电催化氧化技术使棉短绒发生快速断裂反应,同时使木质素、果胶等带色基团退色,减少污水处理难度。生产的精制棉纤维素一致性率、a-纤维素含量达到98%以上,聚合度降低到700DP,反应时间由原来的2.5h缩短到20min,色度减少80%。通过实践,实现了生产精制棉节能降耗的目的,且明显减轻了对环境的污染。     

Oxidation behavior of in-situ Al2O3/TiAl composites at 900℃ in static air

In-situ Al2O3/TiAl composites were successfully synthesized from the starting powders of Ti, Al, TiO2 and Nb2O5. The oxidation behavior of the composites at 900℃ in static air was investigated. The results indicate that the composite samples present a much lower oxidation mass gain. Under long-time intensive oxidation exposure, the formed oxide scale is multi-layer. The formation of the outer TiO2 layer is fine and dense, the internal Al2O3 scale has good adhesiveness with the outer TiO2 scale, and the TiO2+Al2O3 mixed layer forming the protective oxide scale is favorable for the improvement of oxidation resistance. It is believed that the incorporation of Al2O3 particulates into the metal matrix decreases the coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate, and forms a local three-dimensional network structure that can hold the oxide scale. The formation of the oxide scale with fmer particle size, stronger adherence, less micro-defects and slower growth rate can contribute to the improvement of oxidation resistance. Nb element plays an important role in reducing the internal oxidation action of the materials, restraining the growth of TiO2 crystals andpromoting thc stable formation of the Al 2O3-riched layer,which is benfeicial to improve the oxidation properties.     

Degradation of p-nitrotoluene by O3/H2O2 process and oxidation mechanism

The degradation of p-nitrotoluene by O3/H2O2 process in a bubble contact column was investigated. Effects of the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to ozone,pH value and t-butanol on the oxidation process were discussed. It was found that the proper H2O2/O3 molar ratio for the degradation of p-nitrotoluene was around 0.6, different pH values and the presence of t-butanol highly influenced the removal efficiency of p-nitrotoluene. 5-methyl-2-nitrophenol, 2-methyl-5-nitrophenol, (4-nitrophenyl) methanol, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitro phenol, acetic acid, 2-methylpropane diacid and 2-(hydroxylmethyl)propane diacid were identified as degradation intermediates and products through GC-MS. Radical reaction mechanism and degradation pathway were proposed based on the results of experiments. It is deduced that the benzene ring of p-nitrotoluene can be only destroyed by hydroxyl radicals through a polyhydroxy intermediate pathway. Then unstable polyhydroxy intermediates can be oxidized to different acids with low molecular weight rapidly.     

Influence of surface finish and annealing treatment on oxidation behavior of Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag alloy

The effect of surface finish and annealing treatment on the oxidation behavior of Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag (molar fraction, %) alloy was investigated at 900 and 1 000 °C, respectively in air. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted for the characterization of oxidation kinetics. The microstructures of oxide scales were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission election microscopy (TEM) techniques. Unfavorable effect of the annealing treatment on the oxidation behavior of the coating was also investigated. The results indicate that the oxidation behavior of the alloy is influenced by surface finish and annealing treatment. The oxidation rate of ground sample is lower than that of the polished alloy at 1 000 °C in air. The former forms a scale of merely Al₂O₃, and the latter forms a scale of the mixture of Al₂O₃ and TiO₂. Annealing can improve the formation of TiO₂. Foundation item: Project(2007430028) supported by the Science and Technique Foundation of Henan Educational Committee, China     

Inhibitory effect of Cr（Ⅵ） on activities of soil enzymes

To evaluate the influence of various Cr(VI) concentrations (0.05, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 g/kg) on the activity of soil enzymes, the activities of catalase, polyphenol oxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase in soils were investigated in the incubation experiment with a period of 35 d. The results indicate that all the tested Cr(VI) concentrations significantly inhibit dehydrogenase activity by over 70% after 35 d. The activity of alkaline phosphatase is slightly inhibited during the whole experiment except for on the day 7. Cr(VI) has no obvious effect on the activity of catalase in soil. On the contrary, Cr(VI) stimulates the activity of polyphenol oxidase. The results suggest that dehydrogenase activity can be used as an indicator for assessing the severity of chromium pollution. Foundation item: Projects(2006AA06Z374, 2007AA021304) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China; Project(2008SK2007) supported by the Key Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province, China     

SAPO-5分子筛固载铜双核金属配合物的结构及催化性能

合成了一种铜双核大环金属配合物。采用浸渍法将双核配合物固栽在分子筛SAPO-5中制得负载催化材料,其中磷酸铝分子筛SAPO-5采用三甲氧基氨丙基硅烷将表面官能化。BET,IR,UV—Vis,XRD,ICP—AES和TG／DTA表征结果表明配合物被固载后,其结构仍保持完整。以环己烷氧化为探征反应,考察了负载催化材料的催化性能。结果表明该负载催化剂具有较高的活性,当选用乙腈做溶剂时,环己烷的转化率高达55．1％。该负载催化剂在环已烷液相反应中的最佳反应条件为：反应时间在10～12h,反应温度在80～90℃。     

Cu（Ac）2-Co（Ac）2-KBr催化SPC氧化对甲基苯甲醚

研究了无机复合催化剂催化SPC氧化对甲基苯甲醚的反应性能：以Cu（Ac）2-Co（Ac）2-KBr为催化剂,利用过碳酸钠氧化对甲酚甲基化产物对甲基苯甲醚,系统研究了催化剂组成比例、催化剂用量、溶剂、反应温度、反应时间等因素对反应的影响,结果表明,Cu（Ac）2-Co（Ac）2-KBr具有较高的催化活性和选择性,体现出金属离子之间的协同作用,对甲基苯甲醚在m（Cu（Ac）2）：m（Co（Ac）2）：m（KBr）=0．1：0．5：0．1（质量比）,n催化剂：n底物=0．14,冰醋酸作溶剂,稍过量的过碳酸钠,65℃条件下的转化率可达45．9％,生成对甲氧基苯甲醛的选择性为68．3％。提出了氧化反应的H原子转移机理。     

旋流板塔煤浆法烟气脱硫研究

煤浆法烟气脱硫是以煤浆洗涤含二氧化硫的烟气,二氧化硫溶于浆液形成亚硫酸,煤中黄铁矿与亚硫酸、氧气发生反应,亚硫酸被氧化为硫酸,从而实现烟气脱硫.反应过程中,煤中的黄铁矿硫也被转化为硫酸而浸出,反应产生的Fe3＋/Fe2＋又对脱硫反应起到了催化剂的作用.以旋流板塔为吸收设备,研究了煤浆法烟气脱硫过程中浆液温度、液气比、空塔气速及浆液固液比等操作参数对脱硫率的影响规律.试验表明,在其他条件不变的情况下,适当提高液气比、空塔气速及浆液固液比均有利于提高脱硫效果.随着烟气脱硫过程的进行,脱硫浆液中的总铁含量不断增加,说明煤中黄铁矿被不断浸出,故此法在脱除烟气中的二氧化硫的同时也降低了煤中黄铁矿硫含量.