基于CFD的新型加香加料机布风系统的设计及改进

在新型烟草加香加料设备研制过程中,为解决多管送风导致孔板布风不均的问题,采用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)软件Fluent对原设计结构中的流场进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,布风室内气流合流产生的漩涡和筒内不良气泡特性的产生是导致布风不均的主要原因,对此提出了加装隔板分割布风室、对各布风室独立送风的改进措施.试验数据表明,改进后布风室两侧进风管道的风速差由2.1,1.5,14 m/s降低到0.5,1.3,1.0 m/s,阻止了布风室内涡流和加香加料筒内不良气泡特性的产生,改善了筒内气固两相混合的均匀性和规律性.     

催化裂化管式待生剂分配器颗粒分配特性及内部流动特性的CPFD模拟

基于CPFD(Computational particle fluid dynamics)方法，对实验室前期研究的催化裂化管式分配器内的颗粒分配特性及内部流动特性进行了数值模拟，系统研究了输送风、松动风及分配器倾斜角度对颗粒分配不均匀指数的影响，并进一步考察了输送风和松动风对分配器各出口气体流量分布及内部气 固流动特性的影响。结果表明，增大输送风量、松动风量以及分配器的倾斜角度均可以降低颗粒分配不均匀指数，但改变松动风量的效果不如改变输送风量和倾斜角度显著。分配器倾斜角存在一个最优值时，颗粒分配均匀性最佳。输送风的增大会使得颗粒出料量最高的排料口的位置逐渐向分配器的末端移动，中间排料口所流出的气体流量占比增大，末端排料口排风量占比减小。引入松动风后，各出口的颗粒排料量更加接近，同时靠近末端排料口的气体流量占比明显增大。     

基于CFD技术优化50 L发酵罐内气体分布器

通过CFD模拟技术对50L通气搅拌发酵罐内不同气体分布器的传质混合效果进行气液双相流模拟。首先对发酵罐自带气体分布器进行流场模拟,针对模拟结果提出两种改进气体分布器。结果表明:双层环形气体分布器表现出一种较理想的混合传质效果,为此类发酵罐的优化和放大提供一种有效的技术手段。     

Two/three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide coating for porous flow distributor in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

There are drawbacks to use stainless-steel plates as a flow distributor plate in fuel cell, due to some of their properties being inferior to graphite flow distributor plates in terms of electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. To overcome these problems, many researches have been conducted to improve the properties of stainless-steel flow distributor plates through coating of carbon materials. Herein, two-dimensional Web-like graphene (WG) and self-assembled three-dimensional graphene (STG) are coated through superheat vaporization of micro-droplet method. WG is coated in porous Ni–Cr foam and STG is constructed on the flat flow distributor plate, and they exhibit the feasibility to be applied in flow distributors. Compared to uncoated Ni–Cr foam, the performance of the PEMFC system with the graphene coated foam is enhanced remarkably. Furthermore, the flow distributor plate with the STG exhibits potential to be used directly to flow distributor.     

Evaluation of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) fabricated at low temperature (∼1,000 °C) using wet chemical coating processes and a catalyst wet impregnation method

The objective of this study is to evaluate metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells fabricated at low temperatures (～1000 °C) in oxidizing environments using wet chemical coating processes and a catalyst impregnation method. Typically, applying general wet chemical coating processes and heat treatment at low temperature is desirable for fabricating metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells when considering manufacturing productivity and efficiency. However, in the case of conventional anodes, a well-organized structure for high performance is rarely formed by sintering at low temperatures when using general fabrication processes. For this reason, a catalyst-impregnated anode is designed and applied to overcome the above issue. First, to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the designed anode, the area-specific resistances of half-cells are investigated. Then, the newly designed anode is applied to a single cell, and microstructural analysis and electrochemical performance measurements are performed. These results confirm that the catalysts are well distributed, that the electrolyte is fully dense and that the electrochemical performances are reasonable. Additionally, the high durability is also verified through a long-term test over 1000 h. Finally, the metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell with a catalyst-impregnated anode fabricated at low temperature is completely validated through the evaluation of a large-size single cell.     

穿孔管消声器声学性能三维时域计算及分析

将三维时域计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)法应用于计算有流情况下穿孔管消声器的声学性能。在消声器进口处施加脉冲信号与不施加任何信号的两种情况下,通过非定常计算分别得到消声器上下游监视点的时域压力值。同一监视点两次计算结果之差就是脉冲信号及其反射信号。使用快速傅里叶变换将时域声压信号转换到频域,计算出消声器的传递损失。对于直通穿孔管消声器和横流穿孔管消声器,使用三维时域CFD法计算传递损失,并与试验测量结果和频域法计算结果进行比较,以验证三维时域CFD法预测穿孔管消声器声衰减性能的准确性。分析气流速度和温度对横流穿孔管消声器传递损失的影响。结果表明,随着气流速度的增加,传递损失曲线向低频方向移动,多数频率处的传递损失有所增加;随着介质温度的升高,传递损失曲线向高频方向移动。     

基于EPROM的步进电机通用脉冲分配器

提出基于EPROM和计数器的通用环形脉冲分配器的设计。实验表明 ,该通用环形分配器适用于三相、四相、五相以及六相四种步进电机八种工作方式 ,且稳定性较好     

硫磺造粒机产能提升的研究

CF型回转钢带造粒机是目前国内硫磺造粒使用最多的设备。文章介绍了丹霞冶炼厂CF型造粒机的产能提升的情况,从传动系统、布料系统、冷却系统进行分析,并提出改进措施。通过这些改进措施提高造粒机运转能力,产能原设计能力5t/h^5.5t/h提升至7t/h^8t/h。     

Rate of CO2 adsorbent attrition induced by gas jets on perforated plate distributors in bubbling fluidized beds

Particle attrition is a major challenge when handling bulk solid materials with fluidized beds due to its ability to cause particle loss. Herein, the particle attrition induced by the gas jets on a perforated plate distributor in a bubbling fluidized bed was investigated for CO₂ adsorbent particles. An attrition tube, which used air as the fluidizing gas, was used as the fluidized bed. At a constant fluidizing velocity, the initial static bed height and orifice gas velocity were considered as variables. It was confirmed that abrasion dominated the particle attrition. The trend indicating the change in the maximum size of the particles (d_pm,a) formed by attrition followed that of the attrition rate (i.e., the formation rate of fine particles via attrition). A new stirring factor that combined the model developed by Werther and Xi with the original stirring factor adequately explained the effect of the static bed height on both the attrition rate and d_pm,a when the initial static bed height was greater than the length of the orifice gas jet that penetrated the bed. The attrition rate increased linearly with the new stirring factor. However, d_pm,a increased exponentially with the new stirring factor. Relationships were successfully proposed to enable the estimation of the attrition rate and d_pm,a for the CO₂ adsorbent particles. This study provided the evidence indicating the significance of the effect of bed height on particle attrition induced by the gas jet on the distributor. Moreover, proper models for correlating the attrition rate and the maximum size of the fine particles formed by attrition in the bubbling fluidized bed were provided.     

采用环状流实现均匀分配的空调器分流器研究

为解决空调器中多流路换热器内制冷剂分配不均的问题,本文设计了一种能够均匀分配两相制冷剂的新型分流器样件并进行了可视化实验。设计均匀分流器的基本思路是构建环状流并均匀分配环状流,具体设计方法是提出分流器进口管结构的计算方法实现环状流的构建,并通过设计新型进、出口管的连接结构实现环状流的均匀分配。实验表明：制冷剂的质量流量为14~22 g/s时,水平、倾斜和竖直安装的新型分流器的质量流量不均匀度比传统圆锥式分流器分别下降10%~24%、14%~27%和24%~47%。基于环状流整流的新型分流器的分配性能优于目前最常用的圆锥式分流器。