吸附法处理染料废水的研究

通过实验,对活性炭和粉煤灰对染料废水的处理效果进行了比较讨论.结果表明,废水经活性炭吸附处理后,COD及色度去除率均较高.粉煤灰对色度的去除率较高,且价廉且属于废物再利用,符合国家节能减排政策,有较大的发展潜力.     

麦秸活性炭的制备及脱色性能

在高温流化床反应器中以小麦秸秆为原料,采用二氧化碳活化法制备活性炭。研究了流化数、活化温度和活化时间等操作条件对活性炭吸附性能的影响,通过碘值、亚甲基蓝值和扫描电镜对活性炭进行了表征。确定了制备活性炭的优化工艺条件:流化数1.5、活化温度800℃、活化时间30 min。优化工艺条件下制得的活性炭碘值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别高达800.71 mg.g-1和292.5 mg.g-1,具有较好的吸附性能;对染料废水吸附符合拟二级吸附动力学模型。     

膜吸附生物反应器(MABR)用于饮用水去除有机物

为更加有效地制备优质饮用水,考察了膜吸附生物反应器(MABR)强化去除水中有机污染物的效能.结果表明,当粉末活性炭(PAC)投加量为8mg/L时,MABR对进水中TOC、CODMn、DOC、UV254以及BDOC和AOC的去除率分别达41.3%,59.4%,36.7%,53.5%,67.9%和44.0%.在MABR中,膜的物理截留作用、生物降解作用以及PAC的吸附作用协同完成对溶解性有机污染物的去除;就DOC而言,3种作用的贡献分别为11.1%,7.6%和18.0%.微观分析结果表明,MABR中膜表面的动态污泥层能强化膜对混合液中溶解性有机物的截留.考虑到0.5h的短水力停留时间,MABR无论是从技术上还是从经济上考虑都有着很好的应用前景.     

活性炭表面物理化学性质对溴酸盐吸附的影响

为了探求活性炭去除水中溴酸盐离子的吸附机理,研究活性炭表面物理化学性质对饮用水中溴酸盐去除的影响.选取唐山炭、新华炭和默克炭3种活性炭作为实验用炭,重点考察3种活性炭表面孔径大小、官能团分布的异同对溴酸盐吸附的影响,测定了3种活性炭吸附溴酸盐的吸附等温线.结果表明:含有中孔数量最多的默克炭对溴酸盐的吸附能力最强.此外,由于默克炭表面含有的内酯基官能团最多,也对溴酸盐的吸附能力起到了积极作用.默克炭的对溴酸盐的吸附能力最强,而新华炭的吸附能力最弱,唐山炭介于二者之间.     

Performance of an activated carbon made from waste palm shell in simultaneous adsorption of SO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> and NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> of flue gas at low temperature

This study examined the individual and simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} (SO{in{it2}}) and NO{in{itx}} (NO-NO{in{it2}}) on activated carbon prepared from waste palm shell. The adsorption process was examined in a fixed bed reactor at low temperatures (100\2-300\dgC). For individual adsorption without any catalytic activation, SO{in{itx}} showed good adsorption whereas NO{in{itx}} was very much poor. In the simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} and NO{in{itx}}, SO{in{itx}} showed greater adsorption affinity than NO{itx}. For palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) impregnated with metal catalyst (Ni and Ce) the concentration adsorbed profile showed that the amount of SO{in{itx}} adsorbed decreased regularly, while the amount of the adsorbed NO{in{itx}} increased irregularly. The properties of the pure and impregnated PSAC were analyzed by BET, SEM and EDX. These investigations indicated that PSAC impregnated with metal catalyst is the determining factor in the adsorption of SO{in{itx}} and NO{in{itx}} simultaneously. Supported financially by Yayasan FELDA, Malaysia (Grant No. 6050075)     

以煤焦油沥青为原料制备高性能活性炭的研究

以煤焦油沥青为原料,使用KCNS溶液活化处理,选择适宜的工艺条件,制备出优质的活性炭。讨论了煤焦油沥青热处理温度、中间相沥青的粒径、KCNS溶液的浓度、KCNS溶液与中间相沥青的液固比、炭化温度、炭化时间、活化温度、活化时间等主要因素对活性炭性能的影响。结果表明,在该适宜的工艺条件下制备的活性炭,强度为90.8%,比表面积为2 601.5 m2/g,吸碘值为2 217.0 mg/g,吸苯值为1 099.3mg/g,吸亚甲基蓝值为397.8mg/g,产品性能优良。     

木质素基活性炭研究进展

木质素是制浆造纸工业的副产物,是地球上最丰富的可再生资源之一。本文简要介绍木质素的结构及其性质,并论述了木质素吸附材料的吸附性能及吸附剂的研制,详细总结了木质素基活性炭吸附剂的研究进展并探讨了今后的研究方向。     

Silver catalysts supported over activated carbons for the selective oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen: effects of different treatments on the supports

Commercial activated carbon (AC) was used as a support either in its original form or after various modifications, giving diverse textural and surface chemical characteristics. The changes of these properties were monitored by N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ag catalysts were prepared over the AC supports by a conventional wet impregnation method. The catalytic performances of supported Ag/AC catalysts in the selective oxidation of CO in excess H₂ were tested. The results indicate the textural and surface chemical characteristics are responsible for the different catalytic performances.     

大连市凌水河污水处理厂设计总结

大连市凌水河污水处理厂处理能力6.0×104 m3/d.采用CAST工艺对大连市生活污水和部分生产废水进行处理.对各构筑物进行了详细设计,设计出水达到排放标准.该污水二级处理方案采用工艺简单有效的处理流程,节省了建设和运行费用.     

载银活性炭/超滤组合技术去除溶解性有机物

为了强化水中溶解性有机物的去除效果,采用载银粉末活性炭与超滤( ultrafiltraction,UF)组合工艺处理微污染原水,研究了溶解性有机炭( dissolved organic carbon,DOC)和紫外吸光度( ultraviolet absorbance,UV254)的去除效果、三维荧光特性、影响因素以及膜污染控制的影响.研究结果表明：与常规粉末活性炭相比,载银活性炭对DOC和UV254的去除效果有较显著改善;在载银量0.10%、0.50%、1.00%和投炭量50、60、80、100 mg/L的条件下,随着活性炭载银量和投炭量的增加, DOC和UV254去除率呈现增加的趋势;单位质量的载银活性炭对UV254和DOC的去除率随投炭量的增加而下降,投炭量80 mg/L、载银量0.50%符合出水水质要求;载银粉末活性炭可以更有效地去除紫外区类腐殖质物质;吸附时间20 min时达到吸附平衡,活性炭在酸性条件下更有利于对有机物的吸附.载银活性炭对膜污染的控制较好,超滤膜经反洗后膜通量恢复较好,膜污染指数增长缓慢.