沼蛤侵蚀对混凝土的性能损伤试验研究

沼蛤侵蚀给混凝土带来的性能影响对防治措施的选择与决策具有重要的参考意义。对于受侵蚀1年的自制试件和受侵蚀20余年的现场芯样,本文采用浸泡增重法、压汞法、场发射环境扫描电镜法和热重法分别测试了有贝附着组和无贝对照组的表层吸水率、表层孔隙特征与孔径分布、表层形貌和成分变化,以及表层钙成分含量变化这4个指标,研究了沼蛤侵蚀混凝土前后以及侵蚀时间对微观性能的影响。定量分析表明:沼蛤附着侵蚀混凝土后,混凝土不同尺寸的孔隙均有增加,同时表观密度分别下降了13.5%(侵蚀1年)和19.5%(侵蚀20余年),表层吸水率分别增加了82%(侵蚀1年)和101%(侵蚀20余年),混凝土表面的铝元素、铁元素和锰元素大幅增加,钙元素尤其是碳酸钙流失严重,分别减少了41.7%(侵蚀1年)和82%(侵蚀20余年)。因此,沼蛤的侵蚀会造成混凝土的微观性能损伤,受侵蚀时间越长,性能损伤越严重。     

Encapsulation of Hydroxyapatite Microspheres with Fluorapatite Using a Diffusion Process

Modification of hydroxyapatite surfaces can improve the properties of biomedical devices. The objective of this work was to encapsulate hydroxyapatite particles with a fluorapatite layer. A suspension of hydroxyapatite microspheres was prepared in a solution at different pH and treated with ammonium fluoride. pH, calcium, and fluoride were monitored in real time and particles subjected to fluoride analysis. After addition of fluoride, it was found that more material is released from the particle surface at low pH conditions, but leads to a high fluoride uptake from solution. Low solution fluoride levels produce a fluorapatite layer, but higher fluoride levels produce calcium fluoride.     

肾缺血再灌注细胞内钙水平与氧化应激损伤研究

目的 观察肾细胞中游离钙([Ca~(2+)]i)及氧自由基在缺血再灌注损伤过程中的改变情况,探讨二者在再灌注肾损伤中发生作用机制。方法 摘除Wistar大鼠左肾,钳夹右侧肾蒂,建立急性缺血再灌注肾损伤模型,应用Fura-2/AM荧光指示剂测定缺血再灌注大鼠肾细胞内[Ca~(2+)]i浓度的变化,同时测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果 缺血再灌注不同时期肾细胞内[Ca~(2+)]i浓度均有不同程度增高,与对照组相比差异有显著意义,各实验组SOD活力水平降低,与对照组相比差异有显著意义,MDA生成高于对照组,GSH-Px在再灌注早期活力减弱,明显低于对照组,晚期活力基本恢复。结论 1.缺血再灌注不同时期大鼠肾细胞内[Ca~(2+)]i超载和不同程度的氧化侵袭,在缺血再灌注肾损伤病理过程中起重要作用;2.再灌注时间与肾细胞内[Ca~(2+)]i超载呈正相关,提示再灌注损伤通过不同机制加重细胞钙超载。     

改性碳酸钙在聚氯乙烯中的应用研究

研究了一种改性碳酸钙在聚氯乙烯(PVC)中的应用情况。研究结果表明,这种经JL G0 1型改性剂(Modifier)改性的碳酸钙与普通碳酸钙相比,颗粒以原生粒子状态均匀分布,不团聚,其中部分以纳米粒子状态存在,因此填充于聚氯乙烯(PVC)硬质、软质制品中,不仅能改善体系的加工性能,而且赋予制品较好的物理机械性能,达到增韧补强的效果     

乙炔清净液的循环回用

乙炔清净液循环回用技术解决了乙炔清净液循环回用中硫、磷等杂质的累积问题和排放水中硫、磷含量超标的问题。不仅达到安全生产,而且做到清洁生产和水资源循环利用。     

硝酸磷肥中有效钙的提取与测定

对经特殊工艺试制的硝酸磷肥中总钙进行测定。用中性柠檬酸铵提取、草酸沉淀、高锰酸钾滴定 ,提取率达 88.3 %～ 91.7% ,测定值的标准偏差为 0 .11,回收率为 98.4%～ 10 1.9%。     

二水硫酸钙结晶过程研究进展

综述了二水硫酸钙结晶过程的最新研究进展,从各个角度介绍了外部条件对硫酸钙结晶的影响,以达到对二水硫酸钙结晶的各种技术有一种比较客观综合的理解和认识,对未来二水硫酸钙结晶过程的研究方向作了探讨。     

管式气体分散式反应器制备纳米碳酸钙

以石灰石为原料，利用管式气体分散式反应器新工艺制备出了粒径30～70nm的碳酸钙粉体。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、粒度分布仪及红外光谱仪（Fr-IR）等测试手段，对产品的物相、形貌和粒度分布进行了表征。X射线衍射表明产物为六方晶系方解石型碳酸钙并且产品结晶性能良好；扫描电镜及粒度分析表明粒度大小均匀、分散性良好；红外光谱表明改性后硬脂酸钠已吸附在碳酸钙表面，碳酸钙颗粒基本呈单分散状态。管式气体分散式反应器制备纳米碳酸钙粉体的优点是工艺简单，操作容易，原料易得，生产的产品粒径小，粒度分布窄，易于工业化生产。     

Rheology of poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) and its composites with calcium carbonate

Poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) composites with calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) were prepared by in situ radical copolymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA) and methacrylic acid (MA) with precipitated calcium carbonate. To compare the different rheological behaviors of the monomer mixtures with CaCO₃ and the composites, the steady and dynamic viscosities of BMA/MA/CaCO₃ and poly(BMA/MA/CaCO₃) were measured by means of steady and oscillatory shear flows. The viscosity of the mixture BMA/MA/CaCO₃ was found to increase evidently with the increasing of CaCO₃%. The influence of MA% on viscosity of BMA/MA/CaCO₃ was slight. During the in situ polymerization, the viscosity of the reacting system was measured to be enhanced by a factor of about 10⁴ from the monomer/CaCO₃ mixture to composites. The dependency of zero‐shear viscosity on molar mass of PBMA was also investigated. The relation between the zero‐shear viscosity and molar mass is η₀ = 10^?15 M_w^3.5. The evolution of the viscosity with the temperature for both PBMA and its composites was obtained and time–temperature superposition was used to build master curves for the dynamic moduli. The flow activation energies were found to be 115.0, 148.6, and 178.7 kJ/mol for PBMA, composite PBMA/CaCO₃ (90/10), and PBMA/MA/CaCO₃ (89/1/10), respectively. The viscosity of the composites containing less than 10% CaCO₃ was lower than that of pure PBMA with the same molar mass. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1376–1383, 2003     

世界碳酸钙工业发展近况

世界碳酸钙工业发展迅速，产能不断增加，首先介绍了近几年来重质研磨碳酸钙（GCC）产业的发展概况，重点介绍了中国、日本、马来西亚、韩国、泰国的GCC产业及国际著名GCC生产公司在中国的经营情况。其次介绍了世界轻质沉淀碳酸钙（PCC）的市场概况及国外大型PCC生产公司的基本情况。最后，重点介绍了中国大陆地区的碳酸钙生产与市场情况，并通过分析近几年中国碳酸钙产品的进出口数量及价格情况指出，开发适合碳酸钙用户需求的新产品、新技术，参与国际竞争是今后中国碳酸钙生产企业的发展方向。