Rejewski’s equations: Solving for the entry permutation

In 1932, Marian Rejewski, who was a young mathematician working at the Polish Cipher Bureau, brilliantly recovered the internal wiring of the military Enigma. His initial efforts were unsuccessful because he assumed that the entry permutation was the same as in the commercial machine. Luckily he tried the identity permutation as an alternative and that proved to be correct. This note describes how Rejewski’s equations may be used to deduce the entry permutation without any guesswork, a technique that was later rediscovered by Alan Turing and by Lieutenant Andrew Gleason.     

End Effects in Diagonal Type Nonequilibrium Plasma MHD Generators

The authors investigate the influence of the attenuation of magnetic induction on the current distribution etc. in the end regions of the diagonal type nonequilibrium plasma MHD generator by a two-dimensional analysis. The numerical calculations are made for an example of the cesium-seeded helium. As a result, a suitable attenuation of the magnetic induction can make the current distribution very uniform near the end region of generator duct and has little influence on the current distribution in the central part of generator, and the output electrodes can be used without large ballast resistors. Also the internal resistance of the end region and the current concentration at the output electrode edges decrease with the attenuation of magnetic flux density. By the author's investigation, it is made clear that the output electrodes of the diagonal type nonequilibrium plasma MHD generator should be arranged in the attenuation region of the magnetic induction, since arranging them in the attenuation region of magnetic flux density can become useful for the improvement of the electrical characteristics of generator.     

一种新型的X波段圆极化微带天线

该文采用双层方形贴片开对角槽的结构设计了一种新型的应用于X波段的圆极化微带贴片天线。通过仿真优化,天线轴比<3dB的带宽480 MHz,增益达到6.29dB,反射系数s11<-10dB的相对阻抗带宽达到6.6%,天线具有良好的圆极化和阻抗匹配特性。     

配置斜向钢筋的高强混凝土扁柱抗震性能研究

为研究高层建筑转换梁节点上扁柱的抗震性能,进行了3个1∶4缩尺模型的低周反复加载试验,对其破坏形态、滞回曲线、极限承载力及延性进行了分析。在试验基础上,利用ABAQUS软件对试件进行了有限元分析;详细讨论了有限元模型的建立、模型材料参数的定义以及斜向钢筋的影响。结果表明:轴压的增大提高了试件的极限承载力,同时也减小了构件的延性;构件荷载-位移滞回曲线饱满,具有较好的耗能能力;在相关参数合理设置的前提下,ABAQUS混凝土损伤塑性模型可用于钢筋混凝土构件的滞回分析;斜向钢筋增加了试件的极限承载力,但位移延性没有明显变化。     

关于夹芯梁四点弯曲试验的计算分析

在材料力学推导出的矩形截面梁剪应力公式基础上,利用夹芯梁轴向位移,弯曲挠度与剪切应变的几何关系,推导出了夹芯梁截面弯曲应力及弯曲挠度表达式,弹性理论及有关试验结果都证明了该方法的计算精确度较高。理论计算分析表明:外载荷作用下夹芯梁四点弯曲时,在外载荷作用处夹芯梁面板与芯材结合部位应采用强度理论进行校核;均布载荷作用下剪切变形对梁的弯曲正应力及挠度都有影响;集中力作用下剪切变形仅对梁弯曲挠度有影响,而对梁的弯曲正应力没有影响。该结论对材料力学关于夹芯梁四点弯曲试验内容的教学有一定启发和指导作用。     

对角斜筋小跨高比纤维增强混凝土连梁抗震性能试验研究

为满足小跨高比连梁承载力、延性及耗能的要求,同时避免由于钢筋密集导致的施工困难,采用纤维增强混凝土（FRC）代替普通混凝土作为连梁基体,完成了4个对角斜筋小跨高比FRC连梁试件与1个混凝土连梁对比试件的拟静力试验,分析其破坏过程、破坏形态、承载能力、变形能力和耗能能力等。分析结果表明：FRC可提高连梁的承载力、延性和耗能能力;对角斜筋FRC连梁在主斜裂缝出现前,已具有很高的受剪承载力和变形能力以及良好的抗损伤能力,能够满足强震下的承载力和变形需求,强震后无需修复或稍加修复即可继续使用。     

现浇板式楼梯斜撑作用释放的Pushover分析

为了研究框架结构现浇板式楼梯采用滑动支座措施释放斜撑作用后对结构抗震性能的影响,本文应用有限元软件建立6层框架结构模型,通过对＂不带楼梯模型＂、＂带楼梯模型＂、＂带采用滑动支座楼梯模型＂进行静力推覆（Pushover）分析,对比了罕遇地震作用下三种结构的地震效应,并研究＂带采用滑动支座楼梯模型＂的屈服机制。研究表明：采用滑动支座措施释放斜撑作用,避免楼梯成为第一道防线,可以减少结构顺梯段板方向的抗侧刚度,减少地震作用力效应,减少配筋;但可能造成结构变柔,层间位移过大;罕遇地震下,梯柱下端,以及与框架柱相连的平台梁端都易出现塑性铰,导致楼梯整体稳定性得不到保证,为此提出增强楼梯间整体稳定性的构造措施。     

填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构基于位移的改进抗震设计方法

按现行抗震规范设计的底部空框架填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构,可能无法实现“强柱弱梁”的预期延性破坏机制。为此,建立了填充墙与主体框架协同作用的等效斜撑-框架模型,改进等效单自由度体系阻尼比与刚度的确定方法,提出了填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构基于位移的抗震设计方法;针对底部为空框架的填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构进行不同性能目标下的静力推覆分析,实现其“使用良好”、 “修复后使用”和“防止倒塌”性能水平的抗震设计。采用动力弹塑性时程分析方法和能力谱法验证了基于位移的改进抗震设计方法的有效性。分析表明,应用基于位移的改进抗震设计方法,可综合考虑填充墙对主体框架的利弊作用,实现结构性能抗震设计目标。     

四点弯曲条件下热障涂层断裂模式的声发射表征

采用声发射技术实时监测喷涂态8% Y₂O₃稳定的ZrO₂（8YSZ）在四点弯曲载荷下的损伤断裂行为。采用特征参数分析、聚类分析和小波包变换分析声发射信号结合涂层的微观形貌和应力状态,从而推测出热障涂层系统的失效形式。结果表明：内弯和外弯两种加载模式下,均各有4种失效行为。宏观断裂对应的剥落信号无明显频带,而基底变形、表面垂直裂纹、张开型界面裂纹和剪切型界面裂纹信号对应的主频带可清晰区分为：0~156.25 kHz、156.25~234.375 kHz、312.625~390.625 kHz和390.625~468.75 kHz。热障涂层在外弯载荷下,表面垂直裂纹不断出现,随后扩展到粘结层-陶瓷层界面处并转化为张开型界面裂纹;而在内弯载荷下,则在粘结层-陶瓷层界面附近产生剪切型界面裂纹,仅出现少量的表面垂直裂纹。两种界面裂纹均会引起热障涂层的宏观裂纹和剥落。     

Contact Force Distribution and Static Load-carrying Capacity of Large Size Double Row Four-point Contact Ball Bearing

Clearance not only affects the startup torque, rotation precision and stiffness of bearing, but also affects the load distribution, load-carrying capacity and life of bearing. A computational model in which the clearance of bearing is that included is presented for detennining the contact force distribusion and stric load-carrying capacity of a double row four-point contact ball bearing which is subjected to the combined radial, axial and overturning moment loadings. The relation between the negative axial clearance and the contact force distribution is analyzed. The static load-canying capacity curvesthe established, and the effects of the changes in negative axial clearance, curvatthe radius coefficient of raceway groove and initial contact angle on the static load-carrying capacityse analyzed. The results show that, with the increase in the absolute value of negative clearance, the maximurn contact load decreases first and then increases. The clearance values in the range of -0.2 mm-0 mm have life effect on the static load-carrying capacity of bearing. With the increase in the curvature radius coefficient of raceway groove and the decrease in the initial contact angle, the static load capacity of bearing decreases.