Synthesis and properties of new derivatives of poly[9‐(2,3‐epoxypropyl)carbazole]

BACKGROUND: Carbazole derivatives are well known to exhibit interesting electro‐ and photo‐active properties due to their hole‐transporting ability, strong absorption in the ultraviolet spectral region and blue‐light emission. One of the most widely studied materials among carbazole‐containing oligomers is poly[9‐(2,3‐epoxypropyl)carbazole] (PEPK). The main field of application of this oligomer is electrophotographic microfilming. It is also used for the manufacture of multicolour slides and in the photothermoplastic recording of information. Unfortunately, due to its high ionization potential, which reaches 5.86 eV, the possibilities of application of this compound in optoelectronic devices are rather limited. RESULTS: PEPK‐based charge transporting oligomers, incorporating hydrazone moieties, are reported. The oligomers were prepared by chemical modification of PEPK. The materials obtained were examined using various techniques including differential scanning calorimetry and ultraviolet, infrared and NMR spectroscopy. Electron photoemission spectra of layers of the synthesized oligomers showed ionization potentials (I_p) in the range 5.4–5.5 eV. CONCLUSION: The synthesized oligomers possess a larger π‐conjugated system and show ionization potentials of ca 5.4 eV. Therefore, they are more suitable for use in optoelectronic devices with quicker photoresponse than unmodified PEPK. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

一次进样分析氩气中碳、硫化物和质量数丰度值与比值

建立了一次进样分析氩气中的碳、硫化物信号和质量数丰度值与比值的方法,并可获知单位氩气内不同质量数的分子、原子分布20,Ar≈3.28%;36 Ar≈0.17%;37 Ar≈0.09%;40 Ar≈62.6%;41 Ar≈33.84%;42 Ar≈0.02%。     

3-氨基喹啉与常用基体在MALDI-TOFMS测定天然提取植物多糖的比较

采用3-氨基喹啉(3-AQ)、二元基体3-AQ/2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(DHB)及常用于糖类物质测定的DHB和二元基体DHB/1-羟基异喹啉(1-HIQ)对一天然提取植物糖样进行了基体辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)分析。实验结果表明:此植物糖样由线形和环形聚己糖组成,其最大分子量至少达3000 Da;3-AQ与常用基体DHB及DHB/HIQ相比较,能提供更准确、更全面的样品组成及分子结构信息,且具有优越于常用基体解吸电离环状糖分子的能力。     

Electric field controlled electrospray deposition for precise particle pattern and cell pattern formation

Photolithography, soft lithography, and ink jetting have been used for automated micropattern fabrication. However, most of the methods for microfabrication of surface pattern are limited to the investigation of material properties of substrates with high‐cost and complex procedures. In the present study, we show a simple (single‐step) yet versatile and robust approach to generate biodegradable polymeric particle patterns on a substrate using electrospray deposition through a mask. Various particle patterns including patterned dots, circles, squares, and bands can be easily formed and the features of particle patterns could also be tailored using different masks and electrostatic focusing effects. Furthermore, cell patterns can be achieved on the surface of particle patterns by blocking the areas without particle deposition on the substrate and culturing cells on the substrate. Polymeric particle patterns and cell patterns developed in this study could be used in the high throughput screening of sustained release formulations, cell‐based sensing, and drug discovery. In addition to experimental results, an analysis of the associated electric field is used to investigate quantitatively the nature of focusing effect. Scaling analysis is also applied to obtain the dominate terms in electrospray deposition process. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010     

Effects of charge temperature and exhaust gas re-circulation on combustion and emission characteristics of an acetylene fuelled HCCI engine

In this work, experiments were conducted on a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine with acetylene as the sole fuel at different power outputs. Initially, the intake air was heated to different temperatures in order to determine the optimum level at every output. Charge temperatures needed were in the range of 40-110 °C from no load to a BMEP (Brake Mean Effective Pressure) of 4 bar. Subsequently, exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR) was done at the identified charge temperatures and brake thermal efficiency was found to improve. At high BMEPs, use of EGR led to knocking. Thus, fine control over charge temperature and EGR quantity is needed at these conditions. Nitric oxide and smoke levels were very low. However, HC levels were high at about 1700-2700 ppm. Brake thermal efficiencies were comparable to or even better than the compression ignition mode of operation.     

Phase-dependence correlated electron momentum distribution from nonsequential double ionization of N2 by few-cycle laser pulses

Using the classical three-dimensional (3D) ensembles, we have investigated nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of N2 by phase-stabilized few-cycle pulses. We find that the correlated electron momentum distributions in the direction parallel to the laser field strongly depend on the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of few-cycle pulses, and this phase dependence is not affected by the alignment of the molecular axis relative to the laser field. Back analysis reveals that the ionization rate of the first electron and the recollision energy play a main role in the electron momentum distributions. Our results suggest that the few-cycle pulses with stabilized phase can serve as a powerful tool to investigate the recollision dynamics in NSDI of molecules.     

铼基电镀铂工艺研究

以热表面电离质谱计用铼带为基底材料,对比了多种电镀铂体系。结果表明,磷酸盐体系电镀效果最好。分析了各种工艺参数对镀层质量的影响,确定了铼基电镀铂的最佳工艺条件为:H2PtCl6(以Pt计)0.2g/L,(NH4)2HPO440g/L,Na2HPO4140g/L,十二烷基磺酸钠0.01g/L,温度85°C,阴极电流密度4A/dm2,电镀时间20min。适当的真空热处理有助于获得光亮平整、结合力良好的镀层。X射线能谱分析表明,铂镀层厚度可达微米级。     

Production of Cocoa Butter Microcapsules Using an Electrospray Process

An experimental approach to the production of cocoa butter microcapsules containing an aqueous solution or an oil‐in‐water emulsion via electrified coaxial jets is presented here. Recently, a new method to generate nano‐micrometric coaxial jets has been reported. These coaxial jets are generated by electrohydrodynamic forces with diameters that range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of microns. The controlled break‐up of the jets gives rise to an aerosol of compound droplets in which an outer liquid coats an inner one. This technique has turned out to be an effective method to encapsulate aqueous‐based food ingredients such as flavors, aromas, enzymes, salts, minerals, and vitamins in the micrometric range with relatively high monodispersity and controllable geometrical parameters of the capsules such as thickness of the shell or number of inner cores in the capsules.     

Chemical compositional characterization of eight pear cultivars grown in China

The sugar, organic acid, amino acid and fatty acid compounds of eight commercial pear cultivars were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with RI and UV detectors and gas-chromatography (GC) equipped with FID detector. The mineral composition was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed great quantitative differences in the composition of the pear cultivars. Fructose was the dominant sugar in the eight pear varieties, followed by glucose and sucrose, while malic acid was the principal organic acid. The C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids were clearly the most abundant fatty acids, and the C18 family comprised more than 70% of the total fatty acids content. Asparagine and serine were the principal amino acids. Potassium is the most abundant mineral, followed by magnesium and calcium. The results provide important information on how to make the best use of pear cultivars investigated for different uses, which is of significance for both technological research and processing practice.     

快速蒸发电离质谱法在食品质量安全快速检测中的应用

快速蒸发电离质谱技术(rapid evaporation ionization mass spectrometry, REIMS)是环境电离-质谱技术迅速发展的最新成果, 也是近几年质谱检测领域的热点。通过电离切割组织或其他生物样品产生的含丰富特定区域生物特征的气溶胶, 借助高分辨率质谱对其进行原位、在线、实时、快速分析。随后进行计算机数据建模与可视化, 实现目标物质的快速检测。本文综述了REIMS技术的发展概况、主要结构组成、检测原理、采用的常规数据处理方法及其在食品检测领域中的具体应用, 包括肉品掺假鉴别、风味物质检测、品种鉴别、干果真实性评估、果汁风味物质鉴别等。主要通过对当前快速蒸发电离质谱技术在不同食品检测领域的应用研究进展进行综述, 以期为食品安全快速检测等相关研究领域科研工作者提供一定的思路与参考。