Interaction of an odorant lactone with model phospholipid bilayers and its strong fluidizing action in yeast membrane

Some odorant lactones are naturally present in fruits or in fermented products; they can also be used as food additives and can be produced by microorganisms at the industrial scale by biotechnological processes. Gamma-decalactone was previously shown to have antimicrobial properties. We determined by infrared spectroscopy measurements that this compound rapidly diffused into model phospholipid bilayers (within 2 min), modifying the general physical state of a dimyristoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) film. In vivo, the lactone strongly increased membrane fluidity in the model yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, as evaluated by fluorescence anisotropy measurements. This effect was more important than that of benzyl alcohol, which is known as a fluidizing agent in living cells, and may explain the toxic action of gamma-decalactone in microorganisms.     

Basic Methods for Preparation of Liposomes and Studying Their Interactions with Different Compounds,with the Emphasis on Polyphenols

Studying the interactions between lipid membranes and various bioactive molecules (e.g., polyphenols) is important for determining the effects they can have on the functionality of lipid bilayers. This knowledge allows us to use the chosen compounds as potential inhibitors of bacterial and cancer cells, for elimination of viruses, or simply for keeping our healthy cells in good condition. As studying those effect can be exceedingly difficult on living cells, model lipid membranes, such as liposomes, can be used instead. Liposomal bilayer systems represent the most basic platform for studying those interactions, as they are simple, quite easy to prepare and relatively stable. They are especially useful for investigating the effects of bioactive compounds on the structure and kinetics of simple lipid membranes. In this review, we have described the most basic methods available for preparation of liposomes, as well as the essential techniques for studying the effects of bioactive compounds on those liposomes. Additionally, we have provided details for an easy laboratory implementation of some of the described methods, which should prove useful especially to those relatively new on this research field.     

油井清防蜡剂、原油降黏剂、地层解堵剂的研究与现场应用

冀东油田大多数油井原油的沥青质-胶质和蜡的含量都较高,在生产过程中存在3方面的问题由于结蜡,产量不稳定;原油黏度大,用通常的采油技术工艺无法生产;地层堵塞,产量逐渐下降,甚至变成死井.为解决这些问题,研究开发了油井清防蜡剂、原油降黏剂,地层解堵剂,文章介绍了研究过程及试验方法.现场应用表明,冀东油田仅1993年使用BJ-5油基降黏剂、BJ-7清蜡剂和HJ-2解堵剂后,全年增产原油超过20690t,创经济效益2160多万元.     

Kinetic model of mutual effect of the components on the viscosity of binary mixtures

A kinetic model describing the temperature dependence of the viscous flow of multicomponent liquids over the whole range of compositions is suggested. It takes into account the mutual influence of component molecules—either increasing or decreasing the activation energy of viscous jump of each other, which formally is equivalent to catalysis. The quantitative possibilities of the model are shown using liquid binary systems characterized by strong intermolecular interactions.     

纳米TiC_P对2024合金流动性及力学性能的影响

研究了纳米TiC颗粒(TiC_p)对2024铝合金流动性及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,原始2024合金铸态组织呈粗大枝晶状,流动性差,存在浇不足、热裂等铸造缺陷。以Al-TiC晶种合金的形式添加0.1%TiC_p后,2024合金晶粒形貌得到改善,粗大枝晶生长被抑制,流动性显著提高,螺旋流动性试样平均长度由556 mm提高至696 mm,提高约25.2%;合金的力学性能明显提高,硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为HBW120.5、365 MPa和2.08%,较原始2024合金分别提高5.6%、8.6%和40.5%。     

Quality index and hot tearing susceptibility of Al–7Si–0.35Mg–xCu alloys

The effects of Cu addition (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 3%, mass fraction) on the quality index (Q_i) and hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) of A356 alloy were investigated. According to the results, Cu addition up to 1.5% increases the Q_i by almost 10%, which seems to be due to its solid solution strengthening and dispersion hardening effect of Cu-rich Al₂Cu and AlMgCuSi compounds. However, further addition of Cu (up to 3%) decreases the Q_i by almost 12%, which is likely due to the reduction of tensile strength and elongation caused by increased volume fraction of brittle Cu-rich intermetallics and microporosities in the microstructure. It is also found that Cu increases the HTS of A356 alloy measured by constrained rod casting method. According to the thermal analysis results, Cu widens the solidification range of the alloy, which in turn, decreases its fluidity and increases the time period during which the mushy-state alloy is exposed to the hot tearing susceptible zone. SEM examination of the hot tear surfaces in high-Cu alloys also demonstrates their rough nature and the occurrence of interdendritic/intergranular microcracks as convincing evidences for the initiation of hot tears in the late stages of solidification in which there is not enough time for crack healing.     

快硬硫铝酸盐水泥在3D打印材料中的应用

将快硬硫铝酸盐水泥(R·SAC)掺加到普通硅酸盐水泥(P·O)中得到混合水泥,以改善P·O 3D打印材料凝结时间长、早期强度低的缺点,系统研究了R·SAC掺量对其凝结时间、力学性能、流动性和堆积性的影响.结果 表明:当R·SAC掺量为14％～20％时,促凝效果明显,有效降低了混合水泥净浆、砂浆的凝结时间,混合水泥净浆的初凝时间可以控制在40～70 min,满足3D打印的要求;掺加R·SAC可以提高材料的流动性,当R·SAC掺量为20％时,混合水泥砂浆的流动度比P·O砂浆提高了11 mm,稠度提高了15 mm;当混合水泥砂浆的流动度在160～175 mm时,可以满足3D打印材料的堆积性要求;掺加少量R·SAC对混合水泥砂浆的早期强度有一定的提升,但是其后期强度有所降低.     

发泡剂对气泡轻质土性能和微观结构影响研究

研究了不同类型发泡剂对气泡轻质土流动度、抗压强度、吸水率和开口孔隙率的影响,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了不同发泡剂制备的气泡轻质土的微观结构。结果表明,气泡稳定性好的发泡剂制备的气泡轻质土流动性小,但抗压强度高、吸水率低、开口孔隙率较小。SEM观察表明,3种发泡剂中,动物蛋白类发泡剂制备的气泡轻质土的气孔孔径相对较小、气孔形状规整、孔壁较厚,气孔不易破碎。     

低品质粉煤灰在混凝土中的应用研究

该文研究了低品质粉煤灰的活性指数和其对胶砂流动度和混凝土各项性能的影响。结果表明:低品质粉煤灰的活性指数随着其细度的增加而增加,但增加趋势逐渐放缓;掺入低品质粉煤灰的胶砂流动度随着细度的增加呈现先增大后减少的趋势;低品质粉煤灰能够满足混凝土的各项性能,所以能够在工程应用中大量使用。     

粉煤灰活性激发与高性能混凝土流动性研究

采用不同的激发剂和激发方式,研究了粉煤灰高性能混凝土的流动性。结果表明,采用硫酸盐和熟石灰复掺与粉煤灰共同磨细,或硫酸盐与粉煤灰共同磨细的激发方式,均能使混凝土有较好的流动性能,且两种方式的效果相当。