蒲葵根中脂肪油的GC-MS联用分析

采用GC—MS联用技术首次分析了蒲葵根中脂肪油的组成，共分离出36个峰，并鉴定出其中的23种化合物。该脂肪油的主要成分为月桂酸乙酯、十六烷酸乙酯、亚麻酸、亚油酸乙酯、9—十八碳烯酸乙酯等。为蒲葵根资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

PE 井口高压滤芯的研究与开发

本文介绍了一种新型的能在较高压力环境下进行细过滤的ＰＥ井口高压滤芯的结构特征、关键技术研究、技术特性，以及应用效果。     

Tocopherol oil concentration in field-grown sunflower is accounted for by oil weight per seed

Tocopherols are natural antioxidants that increase the stability of fat-containing foods and perform important biological activities. Significant variations (389 to 1873 μg g oil⁻¹) in the total tocopherol concentration of sunflower seed oil have been reported. The main objectives of this work were to determine the influence of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation on tocopherol concentration during seed filling and to establish and validate relationships between tocopherol concentration in oil and other quality variables of the seed. Seven sunflower hybrids were grown under good water and nutritional conditions in two similar experiments carried out in two contrasting environments. Treatments were applied to modify the amount of radiation intercepted per plant during seed filling in order to obtain a range in oil yield per plant and its components. Greater per plant intercepted radiation decreased the tocopherol concentration in oil. Tocopherol concentration decreased when oil weight per seed increased. Tocopherol concentration stabilized for oil weight per seed higher than 23 mg oil seed⁻¹. This exponential relationship accounted for 73% of the variability in tocopherol concentration (507 to 1203 μg g oil⁻¹) despite differences in hull type, locations, hybrids, and radiation treatments. The proposed relationship acceptably predicted independent results. Crop management techniques could lead to seeds with greater concentrations of tocopherols.     

稠油化学降粘方法研究进展

综述稠油化学降粘方法(井下水热催化裂化降粘、表面活性剂降粘、油溶性降粘剂降粘、降凝剂降粘)的研究与应用,阐述了这些化学降粘技术作用机理和存在的问题,指出降粘剂的发展趋势。     

Continual conversion of free fatty acid in rice bran oil to triacylglycerol by immobilized lipase

Rice bran oil containing 30–50% free fatty acid was continually converted to an oil containing more than 75% of triacylglycerol (TG) by means of immobilized lipase. The reaction was carried out at 60°C for 24 h with dehydration and reactant mixing by dry nitrogen flow under a positive nitrogen atmosphere. Enzymatic TG synthesis with evaporation by heating was not suitable because of the increasing peroxide value of the oil. Part of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the Japan Oil Chemists' Society at Sendai, Japan, October, 16, 1990.     

Aqueous and nonaqueous microemulsion systems with a palm oil-base emollient

Microemulsions with a palm oil-based emollient, i.e., medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), and water or glycerol, stabilized by two oppositely charged ionic surfactants and a medium-chain alcohol, were investigated. The results showed that only the water-in-MCT or the glycerol-in-MCT microemulsions were prominent. The maximum solubilization of the MCT emollient was higher in cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, i.e., the positively charged surfactant that contained a nitrogen atom, than the negatively charged surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, the results did not lend themselves for selecting any decisive factor that would explain the different solubilization behavior encountered in the investigated aqueous and nonaqueous systems.     

Determination of residual organic matter in extracted oil sands using a low temperature ashing method

The application of a low temperature ashing method for estimating total residual organic matter (toluene insolubles) in oil sands is described. A linear correlation exists between organic carbon content and loss on ignition at 400 ± 10 °C of solvent extracted oil sands. The ratio between total organic carbon and the weight loss on ignition (CT/LOl) owing to the removal of residual organic matter is much lower than that obtained for toluene soluble bitumen fractions, indicating very different chemical composition for the residual organic matter. The measured carbon content of the residual organic matter in oil sands suggests that this material could be a mixture of various fractions contained in resins, asphaltenes, asphaltic acids and humic acids.     

蓖麻油基聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备与性能研究

采用种子乳液聚合方法合成了蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液,通过激光散射法、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对该复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,该乳液具有核壳结构,并且随着原料中蓖麻油与聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(PBA)摩尔比的增加,复合材料的耐水性逐渐提高;聚丙烯酸酯的引入对乳液的粒径和胶膜性能均有影响,合适的PA/PU摩尔比在2∶3~1∶1之间;当COOH基质量分数为1.2%时,加入2%的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),乳液外观由乳白色变为透明色,且凝胶量少,乳液的稳定性好。     

稠油O/W型乳状液稳定性的研究

以大庆黑帝庙稠油为研究对象，依据稠油乳化降粘原理及O／W型乳状液的形成机制，考察了表面活性剂类型及添加量，碱的添加量，温度、油／水比、振荡方式等因素对稠油O／W型乳状液稳定性的影响。为筛选降粘剂复合配方及选择降低粘工艺提供了必要的基础数据。     

Vernonia oil–based acrylate and methacrylate polymers and interpenetrating polymer networks with epoxy resins

Acrylate and methacrylate monomers were obtained by reacting vernonia oil, a naturally epoxidized oil, with acrylic or methacrylic acid. The highest conversion (85–98%) of epoxy groups was obtained when the reaction was performed with an excess of the carboxylic acid at 100–120°C. The acrylate and methacrylate monomers of vernonia oil were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. These monomers were then cured by sunlight in the presence of benzophenone to produce transparent films. In addition, interpenetrating polymer neworks (IPNs) were prepared in a two‐step technique from the sunlight‐cured methacrylate of vernonia oil, as the elastomeric component, in combination with a cured epoxy resin (a bisphenol A–type resin). Dynamic mechanical analysis showed good compatibility between the networks of the two cured polymers. An IPN with a 1 : 1 composition of the two polymer components exhibited the properties of a reinforced elastomer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3835–3843, 2004