X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis of Tribostressed Samples in the Presence of ZnDTP: A Combinatorial Approach

The influence of load on the chemistry of tribofilms formed on a steel surface in solution of pure di-isopropyl zinc dithiophosphate (i-ZnDTP) in n-decane has been investigated by means of a combinatorial tribological experiment involving X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experiment consisted of the preparation of a set of spatially separated areas, produced under various tribological test conditions, and the subsequent spectroscopic probing of the chemical composition of the tribofilm. The experiment was carried out at room temperature under boundary-lubrication conditions and revealed a physically adsorbed layer of the additive in the non-contact area and a thin (ca. 5nm), inhomogeneous phosphate film covering the tribostressed areas. The total amount of phosphate present in the tribostressed area was found to increase with increasing load. In the contact areas, iron oxides and metal sulfides have also been detected.     

Sticky secretion from two pairs of defensive glands of rove beetleDeleaster dichrous (Grav.) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

The phylogenetically primitive rove beetleDeleaster dichrous (Grav.) (Oxytelinae) has been shown for the first time to possess two pairs of neighboring abdominal glands which are depleted simultaneously on molestation. The morphology of these glands is described. The defensive constituents of theDeleaster glands were elucidated directly from the mixtures by gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic methods and microchemical reactions. The paired whitish glands secrete iridodial, which polymerizes on exposure to air to form an adhesive that probably deters small predatory arthropods. The red gland system ofD. dichrous contains the toxicp-toluquinone and a variety of isopropyl andsec-butyl esters. Artificial quinoid ester mixtures simulating the secretion ofD. dichrous showed only weak effects on mortality ofLucilia larvae in comparison with more effective secretions of phyiogenetically derived Oxytelinae. The secretion of the primitive genusDeleaster is characterized chemotaxonomically by , -unsaturated C₁₂ acids and esters, which are postulated as precursors for the characteristic defensive compounds of the derived species, thus indicating a clear evolutionary trend at the micromolecular level.     

SPU-W 分子筛催化异丙醇制备异丙醚参数优化的研究

以SPU-W分子筛为催化剂,研究了异丙醇脱水反应制备异丙醚的工艺条件,考察了硅铝比、反应温度以及分子筛用量对SPU-W分子筛催化异丙醇脱水反应的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂进行表征。研究结果表明:硅铝比为25的SPU-W分子筛的催化效果最好, SPU-W分子筛催化异丙醇制备异丙醚的最佳反应温度和最佳用量分别为180℃、0.5 g,在此条件下,异丙醇的转化率为42.72%,异丙醚的选择性为87.08%。     

三乙胺氯铝酸离子液体催化合成2-异丙基萘

In this paper, 2-isopropyl naphthalene has been synthesized by the reaction of naphthalene and isopropyl bromide, using triethylamine hydrochloride-aluminum chloride ionic liquid as the catalyst. The effect of the catalyst composition, the reaction time, the reaction temperature, the ionic liquid dosage, as well as the molar ratio of the reagents on the 2-isopropyl naphthalene yield was systematically investigated. The optimal reaction conditions cover: an AlCl3 to Et3NHCl ratio of 2.0, a reaction time of 3 h, a reaction temperature of 15.0 ℃, a volume fraction of ionic liquid to the mixture(isopropyl bromide, n-dodecane and n-hexane) of 9%, and a naphthalene/isopropyl bromide molar ratio of 4.0. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the conversion of isopropyl bromide reached 98% and the selectivity of 2-isopropyl naphthalene was equal to 80%. The test results verified good catalytic activity upon using Et3NHCl-AlCl3 ionic liquid as the catalyst for alkylation of naphthalene with isopropyl bromide. The activity of the ionic liquid remains unchanged after it has been recycled for 4 times.     

Laser-induced Spray Jet Cleaning Using Isopropyl Alcohol for Nanoparticle Removal from Solid Surfaces

Recent studies demonstrated that laser-induced spray jet cleaning (LSJC) based on optical breakdown of a water droplet is an effective way to remove nanoscale contaminant particles from solid surfaces with use of small amount of water. In this work, an LSJC process using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a non-water cleaning agent was developed. High-speed spray jet composed of atomized micro droplets of IPA was generated by inducing optical breakdown in the droplet. The particle removal efficiency was slightly lower than that of the LSJC using water droplets but it was high enough to remove 30 nm polystyrene latex particles completely and 10 nm gold particles partially from silicon wafers. Optical microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry confirmed that the LSJC process using IPA caused no watermark problem commonly observed in water-based cleaning processes without a special rinsing and drying process.     

反相气相色谱法测定溶液在高分子中的无限稀释活度系数

1 INTRODUCTI0NDue to its short experimental time,little sampleneeded,suitable for broad temperature range,inversegas chromatography(IGC)has been widely used tomeasure variety of properties of polymer systems,suchas the infinite diluted activity coefficients of solvent inpolymer,the glass transition temperature of polymerand the surface properties of polymer,etc.Those     

磷钨杂多酸催化合成氯乙酸异丙酯

以磷钨杂多酸为催化剂,催化合成氯乙酸异丙酯,并研究酯化优化条件。实验结果表明,磷钨杂多酸的催化活性高,合成反应条件温和,方法简便,酯收率较高。     

用色—质联用技术分析工业异丙苯中的有机杂质

利用气相色谱－质谱联用法对工业异丙苯中有的机杂质进行了性分析。通过阿匹松填充柱、ＦＦＡＰ和ＳＥ－５４石英志细管柱气相色谱对工业异丙苯有机杂质的分离比较可知,后者分离效果最佳。１３种有机杂南可以被同时检测,并利用校正面积旭一化法建立了定量分析方法。实验同时发现该方法具有良好的准确度和精确度,可以应用于工业异丙苯的中控分析。     

异丙醇生产副产物中异丙醚的分离精制技术

采用萃取精馏和共沸精馏的试验方法,从异丙醇装置副产品中分离精制异丙醚．结果表明,以甘油为萃取剂,甲醇为夹带荆,可分别得到质量分数大于99％的异丙醚和质量分数大于99．5％的异丙醇,异丙醚收率为70．35％,具有明显的经济效益。     

Synthesis and characterization of fluorocarbon‐modified poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) copolymers (PNIPAMs) containing pendent perfluoroalkyl (R_F) or dodecyl groups have been synthesized by copolymerization of NIPAM with small amounts of R_R‐acrylates or ‐methacrylates containing a sulfonamido moiety between the acrylate and R_F groups or with dodecyl acrylate. Evidence for strong intermolecular hydrophobic association of the fluorocarbon groups is provided by large viscosity increases with copolymer concentration and upon addition of NaCl and surfactants. These interactions appear to be much stronger than that of the corresponding copolymers of poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) with similar comonomer contents. Hydrophobic association between the R_F groups is found to be much stronger than that of the corresponding dodecyl groups. The viscosity of some of the copolymer solutions, particularly in the presence of perfluorocarbon surfactants, was unusually temperature sensitive, decreasing by a factor of at least 1000 upon increasing the temperature from 10 to 20 °C. This large decrease is most probably related to the collapse of the copolymer coils near the lower critical solution temperature. This is in sharp contrast to the corresponding polyacrylamide or poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) R_F‐acrylate copolymers that show viscosity increases with increasing temperature in the 40–60 °C range. The NIPIAM copolymers were also found to be different from the acrylamide or N,N‐dimethylacrylamide perfluorocarbon acrylate copolymers in that they were found to be Newtonian at a low R_F content but dilatant at a higher comonomer content. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry