道路用聚氨酯改性沥青的制备工艺探讨

结合不同改性剂掺量单因素试验,确定了采用88mm叶轮、115mm容器、圆盘锯齿式搅拌器(转速1400r/min)、175℃共混温度、改性剂掺量4.27%、单次搅拌300g的制备工艺参数。在此条件下制备的聚氨酯改性沥青具有优异的水稳定性、储存稳定性且耐老化、耐高温,拥有比普通聚合物改性沥青更高的车辙因子G*/sinδ和15℃动态模量,基本满足高模量沥青要求。     

Liquid Marble Patchwork on Super-Repellent Surface

Liquid marble (LM) is a droplet that is wrapped by hydrophobic solid particles, which behave as a non-wetting soft solid. Based on these properties, LM can be applied in fluidics and soft device applications. A wide variety of functional particles have been synthesized to form functional LMs. However, the formation of multifunctional LMs by integrating several types of functional particles is challenging. Here, a general strategy for the flexible patterning of functional particles on droplet surfaces in a patchwork-like design is reported. It is shown that LMs can switch their macroscopic behavior between a stable and active state on super-repellent surfaces in situ by jamming/unjamming the surface particles. Active LMs hydrostatically coalesce to form a self-sorted particle pattern on the droplet surface. With the support of LM handling robotics, on-demand cyclic activation–manipulation–coalescence–stabilization protocols by LMs with different sizes and particle types result in the reliable design of multi-faced LMs. Based on this concept, a single bi-functional LM is designed from two mono-functional LMs as an advanced droplet carrier.     

[Zr0.73(Cu0.59Ni0.41)0.27]87Al13合金过冷液相区热塑性成形研究

为探究[Zr_(0.73)(Cu_(0.59)Ni_(0.41))_(0.27)]_(87)Al_(13)非晶合金的热塑性成形性能以及绘制其对应的热加工图谱,用Gleeble3500型热模拟压缩实验机对该非晶合金进行不同参数下的热模拟压缩实验。结果表明,合金在压缩过程中变形行为由牛顿流变演变为非牛顿流变;同时,过高或过低的热加工温度均能导致合金晶化;进一步对数据分析得到该合金在不同热塑性成形参数下的功率耗散图与流变失稳图,并绘制出相应的热加工谱图,谱图分析结果表明,该合金在温度为420与430℃、应变速率为10~(-3) s~(-1)时具有较高功率耗散系数且没有失稳区域,因此,合金可选的热塑性加工参数为温度420～430℃,应变速率10~(-3) s~(-1)。     

Torsional statics of two-dimensionally functionally graded microtubes

A size-dependent governing equation is derived to investigate the torsional static behaviors of two-dimensionally functionally graded microtubes based on the modified couple stress theory. The shear modulus is assumed to vary along the tube’s length direction according to an exponential distribute function, and varies along the tube’s radius direction according to a power-law function. A generalized differential quadrature method is developed to determine the rotational angle and shear stresses. Some illustrative examples are given to investigate the effects of applied torques, the length scale parameter and various material compositions on the torsional angle and shear stresses.     

一种5 重real-time PCR筛查转基因水稻方法的建立

以转基因水稻中最常用的CaMV35S启动子、NOS终止子、Cry1Ab/Ac基因、HPT基因及SPS水稻内标基因为研究对象，利用5 种不同的荧光信号（FAM、HEX、Taxas Red、Cy5、Cy5.5）进行多重实时聚合酶链式反应（real-time polymerase chain reaction，real-time PCR）检测方法的研究。通过引物组合筛选、反应体系优化、特异性测试、灵敏度测试、适用性测试等一系列实验，建立了5 重real-time PCR方法，灵敏度可达0.032%。此方法具有灵敏度高、结果准确、通量大等优点，可实现水稻中转基因成分的快速、高效检测。     

液相色谱法快速检测染色梅鱼中日落黄、柠檬黄的含量

目的建立一种快速、低成本检测染色梅鱼中日落黄、柠檬黄的方法。方法将染色梅鱼剥皮,鱼皮经70%甲醇氨水提取液提取,经EclipseXDB-C_(18)色谱柱分离,以甲醇和乙酸铵水溶液为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温35℃,利用紫外检测器检测日落黄、柠檬黄的含量。结果日落黄、柠檬黄在1.25、2.5、12.5、25 mg/kg添加水平的加标回收率为80%～90%,相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6),柠檬黄检出限为0.05 mg/kg,日落黄检出限为0.025 mg/kg。结论该方法快速、准确、成本低,适合染色梅鱼中日落黄、柠檬黄的快速检测。     

油页岩矿物质催化半焦燃烧特性及机理

利用微型流化床反应分析仪（MFBRA）研究了油页岩矿物质催化半焦燃烧特性，重点考察了半焦内部矿物质和外部页岩灰床料对半焦燃烧的催化作用，揭示了流化床反应器中半焦燃烧过程和机理。结果表明：内部矿物质和外部床料对半焦燃烧均具有明显催化作用，而两者共同催化效果最为显著。矿物质中CaO和Fe₂O₃对半焦燃烧具有催化活性，CaO催化作用强于Fe₂O₃。油页岩半焦燃烧反应活化能在60.41~78.97 kJ/mol之间，矿物质的催化作用会明显降低反应活化能。流化床反应器中，矿物质对半焦燃烧的催化作用主要表现在四个反应，即：挥发分裂解和燃烧、半焦表面炭燃烧、半焦内部炭燃烧以及一氧化碳燃烧。     

Polarity Effect and Electromagnetic Radiation of Partial Discharge Accompanying Growth of Electrical Tree

We have investigated the characteristics of radiated electromagnetic (EM) waves from positive and negative partial discharges (PD) in epoxy resin and cross‐linked polyethylene. We found that there is a correlation among the EM level from PD, the positive PD current, and electrical trees. Therefore, the growth of an electrical tree produces a lot of positive PD. We have also investigated the characteristics of the frequency region of EM waves from PD in air, insulating oil, and liquid epoxy in addition to the above insulators. EM waves were detected in the frequency region of 40 MHz to 300 MHz from positive and negative PD in epoxy resin and cross‐linked polyethylene. EM waves were also detected in the frequency region of 40 MHz to 150 MHz from positive and negative PD in air. In the case of insulating oil and liquid epoxy, EM waves were detected in the frequency regions of 40 MHz to 150 MHz from positive PD, and 40 MHz to 250 MHz from negative PD. The frequency region differed depending on the material and the discharge polarity. Our investigation indicates that the cause is differences in electric field strength at the time of PD occurrence.     

Ni-P/HZSM-5催化木质素降解制备酚类化学品

采用Ni-P复合改性HZSM-5催化剂催化木质素降解制备高附加值的单酚类化学品，探讨了催化剂种类、金属负载量、反应温度、反应时间以及溶剂种类对木质素催化降解制备酚类化合物的影响。同时采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、比表面积和孔径分析仪（BET）、化学吸附仪（NH₃-TPD）、热重分析仪（TG）以及气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC/MS）对催化剂以及液相产物进行分析表征，同时探讨其催化失活以及再生机制。结果表明：Ni、P高度分散在HZSM-5催化剂的表面，Ni的添加有效地弱化了C－C键，致使β-O-4和α-O-4发生断裂，有效地提高了木质素加氢解聚的活性，减少了焦炭的生成，但催化剂的再生水热稳定性较差，重复使用性较低。当采用甲醇为供氢试剂，在反应温度为220℃，氢气压力为2MPa，反应时间为8h，催化剂负载量为10%，NaOH为共催化剂时，其木质素的转化率为98.6%，酚类化合物的含量达到74.97%。产物以苯酚、愈创木酚和紫丁香酚为主，低温促进了紫丁香酚的产生。     

致密油藏注天然气提高采收率研究现状

随着我国石油需求量不断增加,致密油藏的开发也愈发重要。如何高效开发致密油藏是一项重点难点,其中致密油藏注天然气提高采收率是一个极具潜力的研究方向。因此,本文着重介绍以天然气作为能量补充介质在国内外的研究现状和应用现状,并且从两相特征等方面总结了理论研究中的一些机理,对致密油藏注天然气提高采收率的发展前景进行了一定的展望。