工程结构设计可靠度中的几个问题的探讨

国内的工程结构设计,目前均已采用以概率理论为基础的极限状态设计法,其要点之一是使工程结构在其设计基准期内具有预期的设计可靠度（或称目标可靠指标）,本文试图客观地评述与此可靠度有关的问题供讨论。     

Design by framework completion

An object-oriented framework in essence defines an architecture for a family of applications or subsystems in a given domain. Every application in the family obeys these architectural restrictions. Such frameworks are typically delivered as collections of inter-dependent abstract classes, together with their concrete subclasses. The abstract classes and their interdependencies implicitly realize the architecture. Developing a new application reusing classes of a framework requires a thorough understanding of the framework architecture.We introduce an approach called Design by Framework Completion, in which an exemplar (an executable visual model for a minimal instantiation of the architecture) is used for documenting frameworks. We propose exploration of exemplars as a means for learning the architecture, following which new applications can be built by replacing selected pieces of the exemplar. For the piece to be replaced, the inheritance lattice around its class provides the space of alternatives, one of these classes may be suitably adapted (say, by sub-classing) to create the new replacement.Design by Framework Completion proposes a paradigm shift when designing in presence of reusable components: It enables a much simpler top-down approach for creating applications, as opposed to the prevalent search for components and assemble them bottom-up strategy. We believe that this paradigm shift is essential because components can only be fitted together if they all obey the same architectural rules that govern the framework.     

ARPO-2: An expert system for legal advice on the breach of building contracts

Although Berman and Hafner [Berman 1989, pp. 928–938] presented the possibility to adapt the model of reasoning of development of an expert system for medical diagnosis to the reasoning of a judge when he/she sentences criminals does not resemble the reasoning found in the decisions of physicians, mathematicians or statisticians.When a lawyer reasons, he/she not only looks for the solution of a case; he/she simultaneously looks for the bases on which his/her reasoning can rest [Galindo 1992, pp. 363–367]. That is to say, he/she not only needs to find the solution but moreover he/she has to find the references (laws, jurisprudence and bibliography) that allow him/her to argue the solution.In many cases, computer solutions to these reasoning processes have been made in a separated way: the solution to the cases using expert systems, and the search of documentation using information retrieval systems.This paper presents the ARPO-2 prototype, a solution integrating the two aspects of legal reasoning: an expert system which is able to simultaneously find the solution to a problem and to give the necessary references so that the lawyer argues the solution. The subject on which the prototype solves problems is the breach of building contracts.In this paper, we describe the process of development of an expert system for solving, justification and documentation of breach of contracts, giving details on the way how the objects that intervene in the case were defined as well as on the reasoning followed.This paper was funded in part by DGICYT, Spanish Civil Law Computerization Project: PB870-632.     

UPE: Utah prototyping environment for robot manipulators

Developing an environment that enables optimal and flexible design of robot manipulators using reconfigurable links, joints, actuators, and sensors is an essential step for efficient robot design and prototyping. Such an environment should have the right mix of software and hardware components for designing the physical parts and the controllers, and for the algorithmic control of the robot modules (kinematics, inverse kinematics, dynamics, trajectory planning, analog control and digital computer control). Specifying object-based communications and catalog mechanisms between the software modules, controllers, physical parts, CAD designs, and actuator and sensor components is a necessary step in the prototyping activities.In this paper, we propose a flexible prototyping environment for robot manipulators with the required subsystems and interfaces between the different components of this environment. This environment provides a close tie between the design parameters of the robot manipulator by the different subsystems involved in the design process. The design and implementation of this environment along with the implementation of some of the subsystems are presented, and some examples that demonstrate the functionality of the environment are discussed. This work was supported in part by DARPA grant N00014-91-J-4123, NSF grant CDA 9024721, and a University of Utah Research Committee grant. All opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agencies.     

A soft computing approach for privacy requirements engineering: The PriS framework

Soft computing continuously gains interest in many fields of academic and industrial domain; among the most notable characteristics for using soft computing methodological tools is the ability to handle with vague and imprecise data in decision making processes. Similar conditions are often encountered in requirements engineering. In this paper, we introduce the PriS approach, a security and privacy requirements engineering framework which aims at incorporating privacy requirements early in the system development process. Specifically, PriS provides a set of concepts for modelling privacy requirements in the organisation domain and a systematic way-of-working for translating these requirements into system models. The conceptual model of PriS uses a goal hierarchy structure. Every privacy requirement is either applied or not on every goal. To this end every privacy requirement is a variable that can take two values [0,1] on every goal meaning that the requirements constraints the goal (value 1) or not (value 0). Following this way of working PriS ends up suggesting a number of implementation techniques based on the privacy requirements constraining the respective goals. Taking into account that the mapping of privacy variables to a crisp set consisting of two values [0,1] is constraining, we extend also the PriS framework so as to be able to address the degree of participation of every privacy requirement towards achieving the generic goal of privacy. Therefore, we propose a fuzzification of privacy variables that maps the expression of the degree of participation of each privacy variable to the [0,1] interval. We also present a mathematical framework that allows the concurrent management of combined independent preferences towards the necessity of a privacy measure; among the advantages of the presented extended framework is the scalability of the approach in such a way that the results are not limited by the number of independent opinions or by the number of factors considered while reasoning for a specific selection of privacy measures.     

大型煤炭建工集团管理信息系统

介绍了中平能化建工集团管理信息系统的总体设计方案、网络及软件平台架构、子系统功能模块组成等。该系统采用智能客户端网络架构和万向接口平台技术,实现了建工企业的全部专用功能以及各个子系统之间的信息交互,使得各机构之间能够有效地协同运作。     

以校企合作教育运行机制培养计算机工程型人才

目前的校企合作普遍存在企业积极性不高、规模难以扩大、合作难以持久的状况,根本原因是学校还没有真正建立起能够服务于企业并能规范运作的校企合作教育运行保障机制。本文结合西安邮电学院培养计算机工程型人才的教学改革实践,对校企合作教育运行机制的形成条件、保障作用及内容构成等进行了探讨。     

谈计算机专业工程型与应用型人才培养

依据"高等学校计算机科学与技术专业发展战略研究报告暨专业规范关于计算机专业人才培养模式的指导意见",针对洛阳理工学院自身特点,文章讨论计算机学科课程教学模式改革途径、青年教师培养模式、建立工程实践能力培养基地方案,设计了专业课程与实践项目对接、科技创新项目开发过程资源管理、开发实验室预约为一体的工程实践管理软件平台,为培养计算机专业工程型与应用型人才进行了有益的探索与研究。     

独立学院软件工程特色专业建设探索

独立学院在经历快速发展后,为了能更好地形成自身的办学特色,必须要加强专业建设。文章主要阐述集美大学诚毅学院如何通过校企合作,建设软件工程特色专业,推进教学内容和课程体系的改革、师资队伍建设、推行新的教学方法和手段,完善人才创新和实践能力培养体系。     

高性能机群计算本科教学研究

针对目前高性能机群人才需求旺盛而高校对高性能机群计算知识普及不够的现状,以培养工程实践性机群系统管理人员为目标,阐述面向高校计算机专业本科生开设高性能机群计算课程的教学目标;并进行课程设计,包括教学内容及教材选取、课时安排以及教学方法设计。北京工业大学的教学实践表明,上述课程设计取得了较好的教学成效。