在数控机床设计中创造“有意味的形式”

现代数控机床外观设计,要把人的因素放在首位,从使用者的感受出发,综合其生理、心理的内涵及外延的审美情趣,赋予冰冷的机械装备以真正"有意味的形式",将机床设计本身提升到前所未有的人性化高度。机床的外观设计在"限制"中创造"有意味的形式"的关键在于:建立构成"意味"的内外因素分析的逻辑体系,抓住机床演化形式背后的系统关联,使现代机床外观设计具备更多潜在的创新力的同时,获得高层次的美感。     

岁月沧桑话对联

对联是文学艺术宝库中璀璨的明珠。适用范围甚广。对联起源悠久,说法不一。从哲理层面看,中国哲学中有阴阳二元观念,所谓"太极生两仪",一阴一阳之谓道",把世界万事万物分为相互对称的阴阳两半,在思维本质上又相通,这是古代中国人世界观的基础。太极两仪生四象,春宵一刻值千金。无所不在对立统一的阴阳观念,成为一种民族的集体无意识,这些可谓对联发端的深层基础。楹联写作的核心问题是创造意境。对联是中国文化的一张名片,是诗中之诗,使楹联的普及与提高达到一个新阶段,上到一个新水平,是摆在我们面前的一个艰巨而光荣的任务。     

基于情感向量空间模型的歌曲情感标签预测模型

音乐的情感标签预测对音乐的情感分析有着重要的意义。该文提出了一种基于情感向量空间模型的歌曲情感标签预测算法,首先,提取歌词中的情感特征词构建情感空间向量模型,然后利用SVM分类器对已知情感标签的音乐进行训练,通过分类技术找到与待预测歌曲情感主类一致的歌曲集合,最后,通过歌词的情感相似度计算找到最邻近的k首歌曲,将其标签推荐给待预测歌曲。实验发现本文提出的情感向量空间模型和“情感词—情感标签”共现的特征降维方法比传统的文本特征向量模型能够更好地提高歌曲情感分类准确率。同时,在分类基础上进行的情感标签预测方法可以有效地防止音乐“主类情感漂移”,比最近邻居方法达到更好的标签预测准确率。     

Measuring Affective Clarity Indirectly: Individual Differences in Response Latencies of State.

This research investigated a new method to measure momentary affective clarity indirectly, which is based on latencies of responses to state affect items. Three studies revealed that this indirect measure of momentary clarity demonstrated high reliability and stability as well as convergent and predictive validity. The indirect measure was associated with dispositional clarity when the concept of clarity was activated before measuring response latencies (Studies 1 and 2) and was related to self-reports of momentary clarity (Study 3). Furthermore, Study 3 demonstrated that indirectly measured clarity decreased after an affectively complex film. Indirectly, but not directly, measured momentary clarity predicted a more positive affective state at the end of the study. This effect was mediated by affect regulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mood-Induced Increases in Alcohol Expectancy Strength in Internally Motivated Drinkers.

This study investigated whether exposure to musical mood induction procedures (MMIP) differentially increases the strength of specific alcohol expectancies for coping motivated (CM) versus enhancement motivated (EM) drinkers. Participants were 86 undergraduates who had elevated scores on either the CM or EM subscale of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (M. L. Cooper, 1994). Participants were randomly assigned to either a positive or negative mood condition. The Alcohol Craving Questionnaire (E. G. Singleton, S. T. Tiffany, & J. E. Henningfield, 1994) was administered at baseline and after MMIP to assess phasic changes in alcohol expectancy strength. Consistent with hypotheses, only CM drinkers in the negative mood condition reported increased relief expectancies, and only EM drinkers in the positive mood condition reported increased reward expectancies. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Have a look around: the effect of physical environments on risk behaviour in work-related versus non-work related decision-making tasks

Abstract

Due to ubiquitous computing, knowledge workers do not only work in typical work-associated environments (e.g. the office) but also wherever it best suits their schedule or preferences (e.g. the park). In two experiments using laboratory and field methods, we compared decision making in work and non-work environments. We hypothesised that participants make riskier work-related decisions when in work-associated environments and riskier non-work-related decisions in non-work-associated environments. Therefore, if environment (work vs. non-work) and decision-making task (work-related vs. non-work-related) are incongruent, then risk-taking should be lower, as the decision maker might feel the situation is unusual or inappropriate. Although results do not reveal that work-associated environments generally encourage riskier work-related decisions (and likewise for non-work), we found environmental effects on decision making when including mood as a moderator.

Practitioner summary: Mobile workers are required to make decisions in various environments. We assumed that decisions are more risky when they are made in a fitting environment (e.g. work-related decisions in work environments). Results of the two experiments (laboratory and field) only show an environmental effect when mood is included as a moderator.     

Are you awake? Mobile phone use after lights out

Night-time mobile phone use has the potential to detract from sleep quality and continuity, resulting in tiredness and impaired psychological function. An on-line survey of the mobile phone habits of 397 adults (M age = 34.45, SD = 13.29) revealed that 75% used a mobile phone after lights out at least once a month, with 12.8% making calls at any time of night. More than 50% of participants reported being woken by the phone use of other people sharing their sleeping space. Using the phone after lights out and a general unwillingness to turn the phone off made a small but significant contribution to the level of tiredness. Tiredness made a significant contribution to DASS scores, with higher levels of tiredness being associated with more depression, anxiety and stress. Objective measures of sleep fragmentation and phone use along with diary recordings of participants’ evaluations of the affective value of each call or text, would be valuable in the exploration of the impact of night time phone use on tiredness and psychological function.     

基于职业倦怠背景下的高校教学人员的心境管理研究

本文以心境与职业倦怠的关系为切入点,深入分析目前普遍存在的高校教学人员职业倦怠现象,指出这是严重影响高校教学管理质量和效益的现实问题,进而提出以人为本,尊重事实;完善机制,调整岗位;准确定位,调节心态;越过＂拐点＂,走出困境是缓解职业倦怠的主要良策和途径。     

Links between friendship relations and early adolescents’ trajectories of depressed mood.

The present study examined to what extent different types of friendship experiences (i.e., friendlessness, having depressed friends, and having nondepressed friends) are associated with early adolescents’ longitudinal trajectories of depressed mood. On the basis of a sample of 201 youths (108 girls, 93 boys), we identified 3 distinct longitudinal profiles of depressed mood from Grade 5 (age 11) through Grade 7 (age 13): one group with consistently low levels of depressed mood, another group showing a sharp increase in depressed mood from late childhood through early adolescence, and a 3rd group with consistently high levels of depressed mood from late childhood through early adolescence. Subsequent analyses revealed that, compared to friendless youths, youths with nondepressed friends showed less elevated trajectories of depressed mood, whereas youths with depressed friends showed more elevated trajectories. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Are moods motivational states? A study on effort-related cardiovascular response.

Based on the mood-behavior-model (Gendolla, 2000), this study tested the idea that moods only have effects on effort mobilization in settings that directly call for this and in which people can thus use their moods as task-relevant information. Fifty university students were randomly assigned to a 2 (Mood: negative vs. positive) × 2 (Memorizing: intentional vs. incidental) × 2 (Time: mood induction vs. task performance) mixed model design. Effort mobilization was operationalized as systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity. As expected, in the intentional-memorizing condition, SBP reactivity was stronger in a negative mood than in a positive mood. Mood had no impact in the incidental-memorizing condition, which did not call for effort mobilization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)