机械合金化Fe─B非晶合金及纳米合金的形成

在适当条件下机械合金化可以形成急冷法难以得到的单一Ｆｅ６０Ｂ４０非晶合金，而在其他成分内形成亚稳纳米合金。在众多的球磨条件中，球磨机的转速是控制合金化的重要因素，空气中的氧对小颗粒界面产生了强烈的污染作用，从而抑制了原子的相互扩散，难以形成单一的非晶产物。不同球磨条件下的产物含有的非晶相的晶化温度比单一非晶相合金的晶化温度稍高，并且与球磨条件以及成分的关系不大。     

一种用于检测转角、转速和转矩的新型多功能非接触式传感器

对一种基于纳米晶软磁合金的非接触式,用于测量转角、转速和转矩的多功能传感器进行了研究。介绍了传感器的结构和原理,推导出传感器的输出方程和灵敏度表达式。通过试验,分析了传感器激磁磁场强度对转矩测量精度的影响,并得出了最佳激磁磁场强度;在25℃～100℃范围研究了温度变化对传感器输出的影响,其零点温度漂移(25℃)为0.002%F.S/℃;在0～450 N.m范围进行转矩加载,得到了较高的测量灵敏度以及较低的线性度误差、重复度误差及迟滞静态误差;在500 r/min～3 523 r/min范围内,转速最大相对误差为0.60%。试验数据显示,该传感器的精度能够达到1.0%,对于一般工程应用是可行的。     

Fabrication of Nano-TiO2 Coating for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell by Vacuum Cold Spraying at Room Temperature

Deposition of nanocrystalline TiO₂ coating at low temperature is becoming more attractive due to the possibility for continuous roll production of the coating for assembly lines of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) at a low cost. In this study, porous nano-TiO₂ coating was deposited by vacuum cold spraying (VCS) at room temperature on a conducting glass substrate using commercial P25 nanocrystalline TiO₂ powder. The microstructure of TiO₂ coating was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and nitrogen adsorption test. A commercial dye (N719) was adsorbed on the surface of TiO₂ particles within the coating to assemble a DSC. The cell performance was evaluated by employing simulated solar light at an intensity of 100 mW/cm². The results showed that TiO₂ coating was deposited by the agglomerates of nano-TiO₂ powders. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) test of the as-sprayed TiO₂ coating yielded a porosity of 49% and an average pore size of 17 nm. The assembled solar cell yielded a short-circuit current density of 7.3 mA/cm² and an energy conversion efficiency of 2.4%. The test results indicate that VCS was a promising method to deposit nanocrystalline TiO₂ coatings at low temperature applied to DSCs. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

CuCr25纳米晶化对真空电弧阴极斑点扩散的影响

采用氩气保护气氛高能球磨和真空热压技术制备了致密度大于98％的纳米晶CuCr25合金，并在真空室内进行击穿试验。采用扫描电镜对纳米晶和粗晶CuCr25合金阴极斑点蚀坑形貌进行观察。结果表明：粗晶CuCr25合金真空电弧阴极斑点扩散表现为原地重复燃烧或整体的跳跃式移动，且有选择地分布在Cr相。而纳米晶CuCr25合金由于晶粒细化（〈50nm），为电子发射提供了优越条件，阴极斑点的扩散表现为次级斑点的此起彼伏的准连续移动，击穿相均匀分布在整个阴极表面。     

一株秸秆纤维素降解菌株的筛选及其降解特性

纤维素是自然界一种最重要的可再生资源,本文从玉米地土壤中分离出 1 株产纤维素酶能力较强的菌株J-N3。以羧甲基纤维素为唯一碳源的分离培养基和刚果红染色法进行初筛,再将筛选到的菌株进行液体发酵培养并测定酶活。结合形态学特征与分子生物学鉴定结果得知,菌株J-N3为芽孢杆菌属( Bacillus)。并对其酶学性质进行初步研究,得到酶最适pH为6.0时,最适反应温度为50 ℃。玉米秸秆经菌株 J-N3处理20 d 时,秸秆失重率及纤维素分解率分别达到26.22%、31.01%。     

非晶态合金向纳米晶体的相转变

利用非晶态合金的晶化过程可以形成纳米尺寸晶粒的多晶体材料（即纳米晶体），这种制备纳米晶体的方法近年来得到了广泛重视和深入研究，本文对这种制备方法和非晶态合金向纳米晶体的相转变动力学、热力学及转变机理等方面进行综述．     

细菌纤维素的功能化改性研究进展

细菌纤维素(BC)是微生物生长过程中产生的以葡萄糖为基本骨架的结构性碳水化合物,具有高纯度、高聚合度、高结晶度、高持水性、高抗张强度和良好的机械强度,在功能材料领域显示了巨大的应用潜力.综述了近年来BC合成菌种筛选的研究现状;分析了BC在透气、吸湿排汗、力学性能和染色与脱色性能调控方面的进展情况;重点总结了BC基材料在抗菌、防紫外线、防辐射、防静电、拒水拒油、导电和传感等功能化改性方面的研究进展;最后,指出BC大规模高效成模和成型技术、差异化高功能BC材料制备技术是未来的重点研发方向.     

Thermoplastic Starch Nanocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions Containing Residual Salt from Neutralization

Sulfuric acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose commonly isolates cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Neutralizing the reactant solution with sodium hydroxide facilitates efficient downstream processing, but residual salt remains in the product. This study examines the reinforcing effects of CNCs from suspensions that contain residual salt on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch nanocomposites. By reinforcing starch films with up to 5 wt% CNCs, stiffness and strength are improved by 118% and 79%, respectively, indicating a good dispersion of CNCs in the starch matrix. Compared to nanocomposites incorporating salt-free CNCs, the remaining salt has no significant impact on the material's mechanical performance. The results indicate great potential of CNCs containing residual salt as biobased, low-cost nanofiller in hydrophilic polymer matrices.     

Facile Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Photonic Cellulose Nanocrystals Films: A Study on Solvent Stability and Post Antibacterial Activity

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) incorporated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) photonic films have drawn considerable attention due to their plasmonic chiroptical activity. However, the exploitation of some fundamental properties for practical use such as the affinity analysis of metal nanoparticles attached to the surface of photonic films according to the solvent compatibility and antibacterial activity under physical conditions has yet not been studied. Hence, a facile process of in situ deposition of AgNPs into the chiral structure of CNC films is proposed. CNC photonic films, cross-linked by glutaraldehyde are prepared. This interaction generated the solvents-stable photonic film with a considerable amount of unreacted aldehyde functional groups that facilitates the reduction of Ag salt to AgNPs. The formed AgNPs in the photonic films show excellent stability over immersion in various polar and non-polar solvents. The post-solvent treated photonic films display excellent contact-based antibacterial behavior against gram-negative Escherichia coli.     

纳米晶体Se的微观结构特征

本文采用Ｘ射线衍射和透射电子显微镜研究了纳米晶体Ｓｅ的微观结构特征．通过测定不同晶粒尺寸的纳米晶体Ｓｅ的点阵参数ａ和ｃ，发现纳米晶体Ｓｅ中存在晶格畸变，畸变量与晶粒尺寸有关．得到了纳米晶体Ｓｅ中晶胞体积变化与晶粒尺寸的关系．并由点阵参数计算出纳米晶体Ｓｅ的键长．用非晶态Ｓｅ中的无规链折叠的晶化机制解释了纳米晶体Ｓｅ中晶格畸变现象．