ZrO2 和Al2O3支撑的MFI 型沸石分子筛膜:支撑体材料对膜性能的影响

采用水热合成法，以纯SiO2为源物质，在介孔Y2O3掺杂的ZrO2(YZ)及大孔α-Al2O3支撑体上制备出高质量的MFI型沸石分子筛膜，通过H2／n-C4H10气体混合物的渗透分离和p-xylene的蒸发研究了不同支撑体上MFI型沸石分子筛膜分离性能，在较低温度范围，YZ支撑的MFI型沸石分子筛膜中n-C4H10的渗透率比Al2O3支撑的膜高很多，最大n-C4H10与H2的分离率达到500，Al2O3支撑的膜中py-xylene的蒸发流量随时间下降很快，而YZ支撑的膜中的蒸发流量则变化缓慢，用XRD对膜的晶体结构进行分析，通过多种温度下热处理不同支撑体上的膜样品研究了其热稳定性与支持体材料的关系，YZ支撑的MFI型沸石分子筛膜的MFI结构在1000摄氏度后仍能保持，而Al2O3支撑的膜950摄氏度时已完全转变为石英相，研究结果表明，YZ支撑的MFI型沸石分子筛膜比Al2O3支撑的膜表现出更好的厌不性，热稳定性以及抗阻塞性。     

B113-2型低汽气比CO高温变换催化剂的研制

介绍了B113-2型低汽气比CO高温变换催化剂的研制方法及其特点。实验室测试表明,B113-2型催化剂具有堆密度低、运行强度高、选择性好、抗沸水性能优、本体含硫低及低温活性好等优点。     

Kinetic modelling of the catalytic conversion of synthesis gas

A kinetic study for the one-step conversion of synthesis gas to gasoline on a ZnO–Cr₂O₃–ZSM-5 catalyst is described. On this catalyst, three reactions are involved in the overall transformation of synthesis gas: the methanol synthesis, the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons and the water–gas shift reaction. Under the operating conditions selected for the study, it was found that the water–gas shift was at equilibrium and the methanol was completely converted to hydrocarbons. Consequently, it was postulated that the kinetics of the limiting reaction step, the methanol synthesis on the ZnO–Cr₂O₃ component, was the one that controls the overall reaction rate. Three kinetic model equations describing the rate of synthesis gas conversion on the bifunctional catalyst, were considered to fit the data of the experimental runs performed in a Berty well-mixed reactor. Those equations were derived under very special conditions where the methanol decomposition term could be neglected. It was also observed that in the kinetic equations a term involving the fugacity of CO₂ was required to predict the rate properly. The catalyst deactivation was also taken into account in the analysis.     

气体分离用管状炭分子筛膜

以无机陶瓷管为支撑体、热塑性酚醛树脂为原料,经高温炭化制备了炭分子筛膜。用低温N2吸附的方法测定了炭分子筛膜的比表面积,用扫描电子显微镜对膜的形貌和厚度进行了表征。考察了膜的气体透过率以及气体的理想选择性随温度的变化关系:H2、CO2、O2、N2和CH4的透过率随温度的升高而增大;理想选择性α(H2/N2)、α(CO2/N2)、α(CO2/CH4)随温度的升高而减小,而α(O2/N2)随温度的升高先增大后减小,在90℃左右气体选择性达到最大。最后由阿累尼乌斯公式计算了气体透过炭分子筛膜的活化能,进一步说明气体透过机理为活化扩散。     

糠醇单体制备支撑炭分子筛膜

使用糠醇单体在多孔氧化铝管的内表面成功制备了炭分子筛膜。其制备采用了3种方法:(Ⅰ)将酸性催化剂加入到糠醇中使糠醇聚合,然后采用浸渍法涂膜;(Ⅱ)先将催化剂浸渍在支撑体上,然后将支撑体浸入到糠醇溶液中制膜;(Ⅲ)先将催化剂浸渍在支撑体上,然后将支撑体置于糠醇蒸汽中制膜。方法Ⅱ制备的炭膜质量最大。方法Ⅲ制备的炭膜质量次之,方法Ⅰ制备的炭膜质量最小。方法Ⅲ制得的炭膜具有最好的气体选择性,CO2/N2的理想选择性为79.3,O2/N2的理想选择性为10.6,方法Ⅰ、Ⅱ制得的炭膜的气体分离性能相近,CO2/N2的理想选择性为20,O2/N2的理想选择性为6。     

Lignin‐based polycondensation resins for wood adhesives

Lignin‐based wood adhesives are obtained that satisfy the requirements of relevant international standards for the manufacture of exterior‐grade wood particleboard. Formulations based on low molecular mass lignin and presenting an increase in the relative proportion of reactive points yield better results than the higher molecular mass lignin used in the past. These lignins allow a higher proportion of hydroxymethylation during preparation of methylolated lignins. These lignin‐based adhesives also yield acceptable results at particleboard pressing times that are sufficiently low to be of industrial significance. Lignin‐based wood adhesives, in which a nonvolatile nontoxic aldehyde (glyoxal) is substituted for formaldehyde in their preparation, are prepared and tested for application to wood panels such as particleboard. The adhesives yield good internal bond strength results for the panels, which are good enough to comfortably pass relevant international standard specifications for exterior‐grade panels. The adhesives also show sufficient reactivity to yield panels in press times comparable to that of formaldehyde‐based commercial adhesives. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1690–1699, 2007     

Solubility of Propane in Sulpholane at Elevated Pressures

The solubility of propane in sulpholane has been determined at temperatures in the range 298‐403 K at pressures up to 17.6 MPa. The experimental results were correlated by the Peng‐Robinson equation of state, and binary interaction parameters have been obtained for this system. The parameters in the Krichevsky‐Ilinskaya equation were calculated from these interaction parameters.     

Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized upland fields in Thailand

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission from fertilized maize fields was measured using a closed chamber at four experimental sites in Thailand. The average measured N₂O flux from unfertilized plots through crop season was 4.16 ± 1.52, 5.05 ± 1.65, 5.25 ± 1.68 and 6.74 ± 2.95 g N₂O-N m^-2 h^-1, at Nakhon Sawan, Phra Phutthabat, Khon Kaen and Chiang Mai, respectively. Increased N₂O emissions by the application of nitrogen fertilizer were 0.22–0.44, 0.19–0.38%, 0.12–0.24 and 0.08–0.15% of the applied N, respectively. Compared to other data, N₂O emission rate to applied nitrogen was not significantly different between the data of Thailand and the Temperate Zone.     

生物脱氮工艺的新发展-半硝化和厌氧氨氧化

传统生物脱氮工艺耗能多，反硝化时还消耗碳源，半硝化一厌氧氨氧化（SHARON－ANAMMOX）是一种全新的脱氮工艺，其原理是首先由亚硝化细菌将废水中1／2氨氮氧化为NO2^-，剩余的氨氮与所生成的NO2^-以等摩尔比例ANAMMOX菌作用生成N2，因耗能少且不消耗碳源，故具有可持续发展意义。     

气体流量对化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管的影响

用化学气相沉积法裂解乙炔制备无序多壁碳纳米管,以Fe/S iO2粉状物作为催化剂,考察了气体流量等环境因素对碳纳米管生长的影响。通过TEM和SEM分析得出,当N2流量分别为200、500和800 mL/m in时,碳纳米管的平均直径分别为20、36和82 nm,即碳纳米管的直径随着N2流量的升高而增大。当N2流量增加到800mL/m in时,还生成了大量的直径约为20~30 nm的碳纳米球。不通H2制备不出碳纳米管。