集输系统热回水管线腐蚀分析

中国石油天然气股份有限公司华北分公司第三采油厂油气集输系统热回水管线普遍存在着腐蚀问题,影响原油生产和集输的正常运行。介绍了腐蚀较严重的13个站点的水质普查、水质结垢倾向和腐蚀性情况,并在水质分析的基础上进行了热水管线腐蚀因素的试验研究,确定腐蚀主要因素为水中的溶解氧含量高,从而造成腐蚀。     

氧对聚合物污水溶液黏度影响的实验研究

在45℃下对溶解氧对聚合物污水溶液表观黏度(170 s-1)的影响作了全面的实验研究。采油污水取自大庆采油二厂,矿化度4013、Fe3+、∑Fe、SO42-分别为0.2、1.09、.6 mg/L。厌氧实验操作和测试均在Bactron 1.5型厌氧室中进行。污水中SRB菌数随放置时间延长而增加,厌氧条件下增速远大于曝氧条件下的增速,放置7天时菌数相差6~600倍。用脱氧和含氧加盐蒸馏水配制的抗盐型和功能型聚合物溶液的黏度,均随放置时间延长(1~10天)而减小,脱氧溶液的黏度总是明显大于含氧溶液。0.5 g/L超高分聚合物溶液在厌氧和曝氧条件下放置时,黏度随放置时间延长而减小,分别由1天时的22.2和28.8 mPa.s减至60天时的2.7和3.4 mPa.s,曝氧条件下的黏度总是大于厌氧条件下的黏度;加入甲醛杀菌剂使溶液黏度的减小趋缓,60天时为8.9和9.6 mPa.s;在4~8mg/L范围改变含氧量,当含氧6 mg/L时放置2~40天时的黏度均最大,40天时为18.2 mPa.s。6 mg/L为污水的合理曝氧量。分析了聚合物降解、SRB菌作用、杀菌剂作用等机理。表6参10。     

Enhanced thermal stability of a sputtered titanium-nitride film as a diffusion barrier for capacitor-bottom electrodes

The effect of a thin RuO_x layer formed on the Ru/TiN/doped poly-Si/Si stack structure was compared with that on the RuO_x/TiN/doped poly-Si/Si stack structure over the post-deposition annealing temperature ranges of 450–600°C. The Ru/TiN/poly-Si/Si contact system exhibited linear behavior at forward bias with a small increase in the total resistance up to 600°C. The RuO_x/TiN/poly-Si/Si contact system exhibited nonlinear characteristics under forward bias at 450°C, which is attributed to no formation of a thin RuO_x layer at the RuO_x surface and porous-amorphous microstructure. In the former case, the addition of oxygen at the surface layer of the Ru film by pre-annealing leads to the formation of a thin RuO_x layer and chemically strong Ru-O bonds. This results from the retardation of oxygen diffusion caused by the discontinuity of diffusion paths. In particular, the RuO_x layer in a nonstoichiometric state is changed to the RuO₂-crystalline phase in a stoichiometric state after post-deposition annealing; this phase can act as an oxygen-capture layer. Therefore, it appears that the electrical properties of the Ru/TiN/poly-Si/Si contact system are better than those of the RuO_x/TiN/poly-Si/Si contact system.     

超细Fe3O4粒子表面包覆酞菁钴性质研究

本文研究了合成载氧体的金属有机化学液相淀积法制造工艺，所得产物经ＴＥＭ、ＸＰＳ、Ｍｏｓｓ－ｂａｕｅｒ谱和Ｂ－Ｈ仪等手段，研究了它的结构和磁性能。实验表明，酞青钴以薄层形式包覆在Ｆｅ＿３Ｏ＿４的表面，封闭了Ｆｅ＿３Ｏ＿４的表面孔洞，稳定了Ｆｅ＿３Ｏ＿４的物相，增强了磁性能。     

光纤0_2/CO_2复合传感器的研制

本文报导一种新型的光纤氧、二氧化碳复合传感器.通过在同一敏感膜载体上固定两种不同的荧光试剂——芘丁酸及羟基芘三磺酸,制作了一种对氧和二氧化碳敏感的复合敏感膜.该传感器在医学临床检验范围内具有良好的线性,其测氧的分辩率是0.1％,测二氧化碳的分辩率是0.5％,响应时间短于1min.文中还讨论了三种敏感膜载体的比较及复合传感器测量进程中氧和二氧化碳的相互干扰问题.     

Dynamics and biogeochemical significance of the physical environment in Lake Biwa

We have examined two aspects of the dynamics and biogeochemical significance of the physical environment in Lake Biwa. One is the horizontal distribution of cyanobacteria as it relates to the ‘first gyre’ in the north basin of Lake Biwa. We could easily measure the first gyre using a vessel‐mounted acoustic doppler currents profiler. We were able to quantify the dynamics of the horizontal and vertical structure of currents and water temperature of this gyre. The first gyre did not remain at a fixed position; it moved north and south according to the growth of the gyre. This may play a role in the redistribution of cyanobacteria from place to place in the north basin. The second important environmental dynamic we measured was oxygen consumption rates from 1994 to 2000. We found that the minimum oxygen concentration in the hypolimnion has a clear inverse relationship with the apparent oxygen consumption rates in the 80–85 m depth layer. As a reduction in oxygen concentration in the hypolimnion can have a serious impact on benthic organisms, we concluded that the Lake Biwa environment should be monitored carefully and systematically.     

连续生产型炉窑排烟温度合理性探讨

推导了热效率变化百分率和单产标准煤耗变化百分率的计算公式 ,通过计算说明了连续生产型炉窑依靠高效余热回收而实施高烟温生产操作 ,实际上是增加而不是减少燃料消耗 ,据此 ,指出“三高一低”理论的不完全正确和HTAC技术在此类炉窑上的不可用性。论述了连续生产型炉窑低烟温的合理性 ,并提出基于低烟温的“双高低”理论和“烟混型高温低氧燃烧法” ,促使连续生产型炉窑向高效节能环保方向发展     

过氧化甲乙酮合成研究

论述了过氧化甲乙酮的合成方法，用阳离子交换树脂催化剂代替传统的无机酸催化剂。考察了离子交换树脂用量、反应温度对反应产率、活性氧含量的影响及溶剂对产品稳定性的影响。     

S135钻杆钢在钻井液中的氧腐蚀行为

基于系统的理论分析和现场腐蚀产物的XRD分析,揭示了S135钻杆钢在3%NaCl溶液中的氧腐蚀机理。为研究腐蚀因素与腐蚀速率的关系,通过室内高压釜动态模拟实验,分别研究了钻井液中含氧量、钻井液温度、钻井液流速和钻井液盐浓度对S135钻杆钢的氧腐蚀速率影响规律。实验研究结果表明(1)3%NaCl盐水钻井液对S135钻杆钢的腐蚀主要是氧去极化作用所致;(2)钻井液含氧量和钻井液流速的增加会加快钻杆钢的氧腐蚀速率,而钻井液温度和含盐量对钻杆钢的氧腐蚀速率具有双重作用。     

氧气合理利用决策支持系统和空分装置操作仿真系统

分析了钢铁企业空分系统能源管理的特点 ,并开发出降低空分能耗的应用软件 :氧气合理利用决策支持系统和空分装置操作仿真系统。前者可为决策者提供全面的辅助决策信息和决策支持以降低氧气放散 ,实现氧气的合理利用 ;后者既可实现空分装置运行操作的仿真 ,也可实现空分装置的仿真实验和仿真操作 ,为实施空分装置的节能优化运行提供技术支持