基于主动学习Kriging模型的地下管线抗震可靠度分析

为提升地下承插式接口铸铁管线抗震可靠度的计算效率,提出基于主动学习Kriging代理模型的Monte Carlo模拟方法(AK-MCS)进行地下管线抗震可靠度计算。采用梁单元模拟管线结构,均布弹簧反映管土相互作用,接口弹簧模拟邻接管道约束作用,建立了地下管线地震响应分析模型;考虑管线接口允许位移、管线埋深、土体容重和内摩擦角等模型参数随机性的影响,以管线接口位移量为安全准则,采用主动学习Kriging模型方法建立管线接口位移响应与随机变量参数关系的代理模型,从而获得管线接口安全状态。算例结果表明,AK-MCS法计算得到的管线失效概率与传统Monte Carlo模拟计算的结果相对误差在5%以内,且AK-MCS法计算时间约为传统Monte Carlo模拟计算时间的2%。因此在进行管线可靠度计算时,主动学习Kriging代理模型方法具有准确性与高效性。     

侧向土体影响下盾构隧道引起上覆管线变形

目前盾构隧道开挖对邻近管线影响的理论研究一般基于Winkler地基模型和Pasternak地基模型,较少考虑精度更高的Kerr地基模型及管线侧向土体影响对管线变形的约束作用. 将管线简化成Euler-Bernoulli梁搁置在Kerr地基模型上,利用差分法得到盾构隧道引起上覆管线竖向位移半解析解,在此基础上进一步推导考虑管线侧向土体影响的Kerr地基模型差分解. 通过与已有工程案例和离心机数据对比,验证Kerr地基模型相比于其他地基模型的优越性,也验证了考虑管线侧向土体影响的Kerr地基模型计算结果更加符合实测数据. 参数分析表明, 随着隧道开挖地层损失率和土体弹性模量的增大,管线的竖向位移和弯矩均增大;随着管线与隧道夹角的增大,管线的竖向位移和弯矩均减小.     

天然气管网经济效益研究与系统设计

我国天然气管网已经形成全国性供气网络,管网在保证全国供气的可靠性与连续性等方面具有重要意义。然而,管网存在诸多问题有待解决:天然气调度复杂、输配任务繁重;管网进出气点、分输点、管线、输配气场站数量众多;管径规格、压力等级差异大,现有调配制度仍以进出气平衡为主要标准,未能充分考虑用户、输气效益等问题。因此,研究了各管网公司管输费计算、最佳输气路线计算,并引入改进的单纯型法优化现有输气方案,同时开发出了相应软件便于工作人员使用,为该管网安全可靠经济的输气性运营提供支撑。     

管道内壁四足爬壁机器人的运动学与步态规划

研究用于检测气体绝缘金属封闭开关（GIS）内部的负压吸附管道内壁四足爬壁机器人. 分别对机器人的腿部和机身进行运动学分析,采用改进的牛顿迭代法解决机身正运动学求解困难的问题. 对机器人沿管道轴向和圆周方向的爬壁运动进行步态规划,提出运动过程零冲击的轨迹规划方法. 使用Adams进行运动仿真,并在四足爬壁机器人样机上进行水平和垂直管道的全方位爬壁实验. 结果表明：机器人的运动轨迹与所规划的步态一致,运动过程中速度与加速度无突变,运动平稳,无明显冲击,运动学模型的正确性和所规划步态的合理性得到验证. 在GIS管道的实际检测应用中,实现机器人在不同工况下的平稳爬壁运动与检测.     

A damage model for assessing pipeline safety in corrosion environments

Considering such practical pipeline service conditions in the petroleum transportation field as corrosion from harmful media (H₂S, CO₂ etc.) and load from the pressure of flowing petroleum as key factors, the degradation of the mechanical properties of pipeline steels and the corresponding variations in stress states are studied. A damage variable is introduced to reflect the degradation in the mechanical properties of the pipeline due to corrosion. A diluted solution approach is proposed to model the corrosion process of harmful media within the pipeline and the distribution of the damage variable along the radial direction of the pipeline is derived. An approach to the safety evaluation of damaged pipeline is proposed by comparing the instant properties of pipeline steels with servicing conditions.     

关于输气管线内衬聚乙烯管可防止其腐蚀的商榷

本文参照德国一实例，即利用多种类型PE衬层，在一定温差及有气体扩散阻挡层和无气体扩散阻挡层的条件下，详细地叙述了高压酸性气体对其进行长期渗透作用的试验。结果显示：水蒸气和腐蚀性气体（如H2S）的渗透作用是不能忽视的，甚至当PE层为5mm时亦有一定渗透性；此外，在衬层底部尚产生了化学腐蚀作用，从而促使人们必须考虑须正确选择PE下边的防腐底层。     

Mn-Nb-Mo系X70级管线钢奥氏体再结晶规律的研究

研究了Mn-Nb-Mo系XT0级管线钢的再结晶规律，分析了变形温度、变形量等工艺参数对变形奥氏体再结晶百分数的影响，为现场控轧工艺的制定提供了理论依据。     

家用空调器管路件根部裂漏失效分析

针对家用空调器售后出现管路件根部裂漏问题,对故障件返厂,从工艺设计、金相实验、故障复现等几个方面着手分析,确认根部裂漏原因为设计应力,在空调器生产、运输、运行过程中管路件根部出现裂漏,最终通过对管路件结构进行更改,加强管路件强度,消除应力,未再发生此类故障。     

10 kV变频器在输油站离心泵电机控制的应用

为了验证异步电机变频调速在输油站应用的实际应用效果,进行了变频调速泵(离心泵)的工作特性分析、运动流体的能量分析和电机功率因数的分析。然后,对某输油站串联安装且同时运行的变频离心泵和非变频(工频)离心泵近一年的运行数据进行分析验证。理论分析和数据统计分析的结果一致。结果表明异步电动机变频调速(降频)运行后,节能效果显著,且输油管道压力调节范围更大,提高了电机的功率因数。     

An experimental study on the choked flow characteristics of CO2 pipelines in various phases

High pressure pipeline transportation has been an established technology for economically transporting large amounts of CO_2. However, there are still issues and associated risks that have to be effectively addressed and adequately understood. It is well known that a strong Joule-Thomson Cooling effect can occur when pressurized CO_2 flows through a choke valve. Thus, to investigate the choking characteristics especially the temperature drop of high pressure CO_2, a new laboratory scale experimental setup(total length of 14.85 m and the inner diameter of 15 mm) was constructed. Steady choked flow and transient choked flow tests were carried out respectively for pressurized CO_2 in various initial phases. The phase transitions and temperature drop characteristics were then studied following the choked flow and the results show that the phase transitions in steady choked flow differs significantly from that in transient choked flow. For transient choked flow of various initial phases, all the flows downstream would transfer from single phase to gas–liquid two-phase flow. Furthermore, the effect of water on transient choked flow of supercritical CO_2 pipeline was investigated, and the phenomena of solid particles deposition was captured which was paramount importance of ensuring the safety operation of CO_2 pipelines when throttling by the choke valves.