miPP/ziPP共混体系的流动性能

首次对茂金属聚丙烯(miPP)／齐格勒-纳塔聚丙烯(ziPP)共混体系的流动性进行了系统的研究。研究发现，在miPP／ziPP共混体系中，miPP含量的变化改变了共混体系的相结构，这种相结构会随着温度和剪切速率的变化而产生明显的变化，从而改变了体系的流动性能，且该共混体系在不同剪切速率下的流动曲线可以分别通过两个模型进行模拟。     

Studies on high density polyethylene (HDPE) functionalized by ultraviolet irradiation and its application

The structure and properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) functionalized by ultraviolet irradiation at different light intensities in air were studied by electron analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, contact angle with water, differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical properties measurement. The results show that oxygen‐containing groups such as C?O, C—O and C(?O)O were introduced onto the molecular chain of HDPE following irradiation, and the rate and efficiency of HDPE functionalization increased with enhancement of irradiation intensity. After irradiation, the melting temperature, contact angle with water and notched impact strength of HDPE decreased, the degree of crystallinity increased, and their variation amplitude increased with irradiation intensity. Compared with HDPE, the yield strength of HDPE irradiated at lower light intensity (32 W m^?2 and 45 W m^?2) increases monotonically with irradiation time, and the yield strength of HDPE irradiated at higher light intensity (78 W m^?2) increases up to 48 h and then decreased with further increase in irradiation time. The irradiated HDPE behaved as a compatibilizer in HDPE/polycarbonate (PC) blends, and the interface bonding between HDPE and PC was ameliorated. After adding 20 wt% HDPE irradiated at 78 W m^?2 irradiation intensity for 24 h to HDPE/PC blends, the tensile yield strength and notched Izod impact strength of the blend were increased from 26.3 MPa and 51 J m^?1 to 30.2 MPa and 158 J m^?1, respectively. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

渤海绥中油田J3井疏水缔合聚合物驱数值模拟研究

为了进一步提高渤海油田J3井区缔合聚合物驱的技术经济效果,在渤海油田室内配方和先导性矿场试验研究基础上,利用化学驱油藏数值模拟软件FAPMS,分析和研究了高浓度缔合聚合物前置段塞、主段塞的大小和浓度以及段塞组合方式对驱油效果的影响,优化设计了渤海绥中油田J3井区块矿场试验的最佳注入程序及段塞大小。结果表明,通过对不同浓度的疏水缔合聚合物注入的前置段塞及主段塞和梯度式后续段塞的优化后,原油采收率比未优化时提高了约10个百分点。研究表明,渤海油田应该高度重视聚合物驱的注入方式和段塞优化设计,进一步提高聚合物的技术经济效果。     

Polystyrene‐supported polyoxyethylene bound potassium permanganate as a heterogeneous oxidizing agent

Oxidation behavior of a 2 mol % divinylbenzene (DVB)‐crosslinked polystyrene‐supported permanganate function was investigated toward low molecular weight primary and secondary alcohols and aldehydes. The permanganate function was attached to a polystyrene support through cyclic polyoxyethylene (POE) units immobilized on the support. Contrary to the oxidations catalyzed by low molecular weight permanganate reagents, the oxidation of primary alcohol terminated in the aldehyde stage. The secondary alcohols were converted to the respective ketone and aldehyde to acid. The effect of the variable parameters similar to solvent, temperature, and reagent to substrate ratio was followed. Nonpolar cyclohexane was found to be the best solvent for the present study. Also the reactivity increased with increasing temperature. The oxidizing reagent possesses a long shelf life and could be recycled several times without reduction of capacity and mechanical stability. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3708–3717, 2003     

Recovery of gold cyanide using inherently conducting polymers

Removal of gold from basic solutions containing [Au(CN)₂]^? has been demonstrated using the inherently conducting polymer polypyrrole. Polymers containing sulfonated aromatic dopants have been found to display a significant ability to remove gold from such solutions. Experiments performed in solutions containing both gold and copper cyanide complexes indicate that the recovery process is not highly selective. However, the polypyrroles used display significantly faster rates of gold recovery than activated carbon. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

锂离子电池用聚合物电解质的最新进展II.含液聚合物电解质

由于干态聚合物电解质目前还不能满足聚合物锂离子电池的应用要求,人们致力于开发含液体增塑剂的聚合物电解质,包括凝胶型和微孔型两类体系。本文综述了含液聚合物电解质的最新进展,重点论述了各种新体系和新方法。     

Segmented polymer networks containing amino‐dendrimers

Polymer networks in which poly(propylene imine) dendrimers (Astramol?) are connected to each other by linear polytetrahydrofuran (polyTHF) segments, were prepared by two methods. The first method was a one‐step procedure in which bifunctionally living polyTHF, obtained by initiation of the THF polymerization with trifluoromethane sulfonic anhydride (triflic anhydride), was reacted with an amino‐dendrimer. This reaction was very fast but did not allow formation of the end products. The second method was a two‐step procedure. In a first step, living polyTHF, prepared with acryloyloxybutyl triflate as initiator, was grafted on an amino‐dendrimer, to form a star‐like, acrylate‐terminated polyTHF multi‐macromonomer with the dendrimer as core. In a second step, networks were obtained by Michael addition between the acrylate end‐groups and unreacted amino‐groups of the dendrimer. This cross‐linking reaction occurred spontaneously upon heating of the solution of the multi‐macromonomer with gelation times varying from a few minutes to a few hours, depending on the temperature and the composition of the prepolymers. With this method it was possible to prepare networks in the form of coatings or films. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Electro-organic synthesis without supporting electrolyte: Possibilities of solid polymer electrolyte technology

The application of ion exchange membranes as solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) in fuel cells is state-of-the-art. This technology needs no supporting electrolyte; consequently it can be applied for electro-organic syntheses in order to save process steps. In this case the process is not predetermined to a maximized energy efficiency so that the selection of the cell design, of the electrode materials and of the operating conditions can be focused on a high selectivity of the electrode reactions. The electro-osmotic stream, which is caused by the solvation shells of the ions during their migration through the membrane, and hence is a typical property of SPE technology, has a significant effect on the electrode reactions. It generates enhanced mass transfer at the electrodes, which is beneficial for reaction selectivity. It can be influenced by the choice of, and possibly by the preparation of, the membrane. An additional remarkable advantage of SPE technology is the exceptional long durability of oxide coated electrodes. By combination of several process engineering methods stable operation of SPE cells has been realized, even for examples of non-aqueous reaction systems. Experiments up to 6000 h duration and in cells of up to 250 cm² membrane area show the potential for industrial application.     

氧对聚合物污水溶液黏度影响的实验研究

在45℃下对溶解氧对聚合物污水溶液表观黏度(170 s-1)的影响作了全面的实验研究。采油污水取自大庆采油二厂,矿化度4013、Fe3+、∑Fe、SO42-分别为0.2、1.09、.6 mg/L。厌氧实验操作和测试均在Bactron 1.5型厌氧室中进行。污水中SRB菌数随放置时间延长而增加,厌氧条件下增速远大于曝氧条件下的增速,放置7天时菌数相差6~600倍。用脱氧和含氧加盐蒸馏水配制的抗盐型和功能型聚合物溶液的黏度,均随放置时间延长(1~10天)而减小,脱氧溶液的黏度总是明显大于含氧溶液。0.5 g/L超高分聚合物溶液在厌氧和曝氧条件下放置时,黏度随放置时间延长而减小,分别由1天时的22.2和28.8 mPa.s减至60天时的2.7和3.4 mPa.s,曝氧条件下的黏度总是大于厌氧条件下的黏度;加入甲醛杀菌剂使溶液黏度的减小趋缓,60天时为8.9和9.6 mPa.s;在4~8mg/L范围改变含氧量,当含氧6 mg/L时放置2~40天时的黏度均最大,40天时为18.2 mPa.s。6 mg/L为污水的合理曝氧量。分析了聚合物降解、SRB菌作用、杀菌剂作用等机理。表6参10。     

Effects of diacrylate monomers on the bond strength of polymer concrete to wet substrates

The bond strengths of polymer concretes containing up to 15% (based on polymer resin) of diacrylate (DA) monomers were examined and compared with those without DA. A change occurring with the addition of DA monomers was an increase in the bond strength of polymer concrete to wet substrates. Zinc diacrylate (ZDA) and calcium diacrylate (CDA) were each used as an additive to monomers and resins [methyl methacrylate (MMA), polyester, and two kinds of epoxies]. The variables were amount of the DA monomers and surface conditions (wet or dry and smooth or rough). Bond strengths were measured by tension bond. ZDA was found to improve the bond strength of MMA and polyester, whereas CDA improved the bond strength of epoxies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 991–1000, 2003