On the relationship between pore structure and chloride diffusivity from accelerated chloride migration test in cement-based materials

In this study the electrochemical technique is applied to accelerate chloride ion migration in concrete to determine the chloride ions in anode cell, and the pore characteristic of the same mortars in concrete was obtained from the mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The plain ordinary Portland cement and the constant aggregate with eight w/c ratios ranging from 0.3 to 0.65 were used. A good linear relationship between the steady-state migration coefficient and non-steady-state migration coefficient based on the same experimental setup and specimens was obtained. Both of the steady-state migration coefficient and non-steady-state migration coefficient were linearly related to the capillary pore volume and the critical pore diameter.     

黑方台焦家4号黄土滑坡发育特征及滑动机理

20世纪60年代以来,大量的灌溉系统在黄土地区建设运营,解决了农业的干旱问题,但同时灌溉也诱发了大量的滑坡。其中,2015年1月28日20:00,甘肃省永靖县焦家村发生了一起中等规模的黄土滑坡,滑坡严重影响其下方309国道线和六盘峡水库的安全。采用对裂缝分布、水文地质的调查,结合低空摄影测量、精细工程地质测绘、室内三轴试验等研究方法,对焦家4号滑坡的基本特征进行了分析,对形成滑坡的成灾机理有了初步认识。结果表明:(1)滑坡发生前,后缘裂缝有明显的变形情况;(2)滑坡滑动距离为548.3 m,体积为15.35万m~3,面积为6.6万m~2;(3)饱和黄土应力应变模式表现为强烈的应变软化剪缩型,并具有一定的静态液化特性;(4)滑坡是饱和黄土层静态液化引起的。     

南江县浅层土质滑坡降雨人渗规律与成因机理

为揭示土质滑坡中降雨入渗规律和滑坡成因机理,通过对四川南江县100多个滑坡进行现场调查、统计,选取二潢坪滑坡深入剖析典型滑坡成因机理,对降雨量、GPS累积位移、土体孔隙水压力、土体含水率等综合因素分析后,采用有限元数值法对滑坡的降雨人渗过程进行模拟.结果表明:浅层土质滑坡中孔隙水压力及含水率变化有明显滞后现象,降雨初期以垂直坡面入渗为主,一段时间后则以坡向渗流为主;斜坡中前缘孔隙水压力变化比后缘对降雨更敏感,其原因为前缘黏性堆积体、侧壁陡崖及基岩面共同构成斜坡储水边界;因滑体结构的各向异性,降雨过程中土体中局部孔隙水压力及渗流力瞬时剧增,土体饱水使得软黏土层发生软化,最终导致斜坡整体失稳.     

多孔羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的进展

多孔羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷是一种性能优异的人体硬组织修复材料，在植入界面后它具生物降解性，置入体内能逐步参与代谢以至最终与人体骨结合成一体。本文在综合大量国内外文献的基础上，阐述了多孔羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的性质、研究和发展。     

气—液传质设备浮阀复合塔板的应用

介绍气～液传质设备中浮阀复合塔板的应用情况，采用浮阀复合塔板可在尽可能不降低板效率的同时提高塔器的生产能力。     

Modification of the porosity of pillared clays by carbon deposition. I. Polymer carbonization

In order to use pillared clays (PILC) for selective adsorption, further modifications of the porous structure are necessary. The deposition of carbon residues onto the porous structure of pillared clays by the carbonization of polymers (polyvinylalcohol) was proposed to achieve a controlled modification of the pore size. Ti and Al-pillared clays (calcined and non-calcined) were impregnated with PVA (different grades and different concentrations and subsequently carbonized to form carbon phases. The effect of the carbon deposits on the porosity of Ti- and Al-PILC is discussed in terms of pore-blocking, pore-filling and pore-narrowing. The deposition of carbon using PVA resulted in a complete pore-blocking for Al-PILC and in a narrowing of the pore size distribution for Ti-PILC, without achieving a controlled pore-narrowing.     

沼蛤侵蚀对混凝土的性能损伤试验研究

沼蛤侵蚀给混凝土带来的性能影响对防治措施的选择与决策具有重要的参考意义。对于受侵蚀1年的自制试件和受侵蚀20余年的现场芯样,本文采用浸泡增重法、压汞法、场发射环境扫描电镜法和热重法分别测试了有贝附着组和无贝对照组的表层吸水率、表层孔隙特征与孔径分布、表层形貌和成分变化,以及表层钙成分含量变化这4个指标,研究了沼蛤侵蚀混凝土前后以及侵蚀时间对微观性能的影响。定量分析表明:沼蛤附着侵蚀混凝土后,混凝土不同尺寸的孔隙均有增加,同时表观密度分别下降了13.5%(侵蚀1年)和19.5%(侵蚀20余年),表层吸水率分别增加了82%(侵蚀1年)和101%(侵蚀20余年),混凝土表面的铝元素、铁元素和锰元素大幅增加,钙元素尤其是碳酸钙流失严重,分别减少了41.7%(侵蚀1年)和82%(侵蚀20余年)。因此,沼蛤的侵蚀会造成混凝土的微观性能损伤,受侵蚀时间越长,性能损伤越严重。     

孔隙液体对透明土渗透特性影响对比试验

针对熔融石英砂与混合油、溴化钙及蔗糖等孔隙液体制配成的3种透明土试样,开展渗流液体与孔隙液体一致或者不一致两种情况下的常水头渗透试验,测得透明土材料在不同孔隙液体、粒径及相对密实度等情况下的渗透率,以及水在3种透明土试样中的渗透过程;并与福建标准砂相关试验结果进行了对比分析。进而开展透明土试样电渗可视化模型试验,初步探讨孔隙液体、渗透率等因素对电渗过程与机理的影响规律。试验结果表明,透明土试样渗透特性不仅与粒径分布、相对密实度等因素相关,而且与孔隙液体种类相关;混合油、溴化钙溶液制配成的透明土渗透率与天然砂土渗透率最为相近。     

Preparation of microporous chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) membrane in fabric and the characterization of their pore sizes and pore‐size distributions

Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) membranes were prepared by using the solvent system tetrahydrofuran (THF)/n‐butyl alcohol (n‐BA) to investigate the possibility of pore size and pore‐size distribution control. The coagulation of CPVC/PVP solution was induced by the exposure to water vapor at 25 (±0.5)°C. The average pore diameter, d_p, and the size distribution of pores on the surface of the membrane were quantified through the image analyzer from the images visualized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM). Surface pore size and distribution of the prepared CPVC/PVP membrane were strongly affected by the relative humidity (RH) in the environment and the content of PVP used as an additive. Particularly, in the case of CPVC membrane without PVP, the mean pore size was 0.15–0.2 μm, depending on the RH. The pore distribution became broad with the increase of the RH. The membranes had open pores as confirmed by the hydraulic permeation experiment. In addition, the water flux and membrane resistance (R_m) were greatly affected by the composition of polymer solution and the RH. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1195–1202, 2002     

基于微观孔隙通道的饱和/非饱和土渗透系数模型及其应用

从微观角度揭示土体变形对饱和/非饱和渗透系数的影响机理,建立相应的预测方法,对于饱和/非饱和土的渗流分析及水力耦合研究具有重要的科学意义。利用流体力学理论,建立了微观孔隙通道渗透系数与等效孔径的关系,在此基础之上,结合毛细理论建立了饱和/非饱和渗透系数与土-水特征曲线的关系模型,并利用已有试验数据验证了模型的合理性。结合该模型与变形条件下土-水特征曲线预测方法,对变形条件下武汉黏性土饱和/非饱和渗透系数进行预测,结果表明黏性土在压缩变形条件下:饱和渗透系数呈数量级的减小,预测值与实测值均吻合较好;双对数坐标下,非饱和相对渗透系数在进气值之后随基质吸力增加而减小,不同初始孔隙比条件下其斜率近似不变,整体呈现"毛刷型"分布,相同基质吸力条件下,初始孔隙比越小,相对渗透系数越大;非饱和渗透系数,进气值之前近似为饱和渗透系数,进气值之后随基质吸力增大而减小,不同初始孔隙比的变化线近似重合。