退役锂电池放电废水特征有机污染物解析

为研究退役锂电池盐水溶液放电产生的放电废水有机物的种类与来源,首先采用单因素优化方法对萃取剂类型、pH、萃取次数3个因素进行液-液萃取前处理优化实验,获得最佳萃取预处理条件。接着采用气相色谱与质谱联用（GC-MS）程序中分流比和升温模式对比实验,建立了放电废水有机成分定性分析方法,并对检出的有机污染物进行分类与来源判断。研究结果表明,选取乙酸乙酯为萃取剂,调节放电废水pH至9.38,以8000 r/min离心5min（4℃）,且采用间歇三次萃取时分离效果最优。对放电废水SIM定性扫描检测出10类有机污染物,其中酸酯类、酰胺类、烷烃类物质较多,且来源于反应衍生物与电解液添加剂的占比较大,分别为33.3%与20%,包括电解质增塑剂间苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯,电解液溶剂效应产物1,4-环己烷二羧酸二甲酯、磷酸 三(2-氯乙基)酯,电解液添加剂硬脂酰胺、十六碳酰胺、十四酰胺、1,4-环己烷二甲醇二乙烯醚,退役锂电池塑料外壳中抗氧剂原料3,5-二叔丁基苯酚等。这些物质对水环境均具有不同程度的毒性危害,需进一步检测各有机物浓度并揭示其迁移转化规律,建立退役锂电池放电废水重点关注有机污染物清单。     

EKS纤维化学成分与定性分析方法的研究

通过红外光谱、热分析、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱,测定EKS纤维的化学成分;采用燃烧法、显微镜法、溶解法、含氮呈色法、着色法、红外光谱法、回潮率法等方法对EKS纤维进行定性分析。研究结果表明:EKS纤维主要由C、H、O、N、Mg五种元素组成,纤维中无机元素质量分数为12.56%,Mg元素质量分数为7.24%,纤维主要功能基团为—NH_2、—COOH,是一种Mg盐型交联聚丙烯酸酯系纤维;EKS纤维的燃烧性能、溶解性能等与芳纶1313非常相似,且EKS纤维标准回潮率特别大,红外光谱唯一,根据纤维的这些特性,可准确地鉴别纤维,达到定性分析的目的。     

活性白土质量指标控制试验研究

具有黏土性质的非金属矿如高岭石、蒙脱石、海泡石及凹凸棒石等都可作为原料生产活性白土.活性白土已经广泛应用于石油、化工、冶金等领域,它的质量指标直接影响其应用性能.不同的应用领域对活性白土的技术指标要求有所不同,目前尚缺国家标准,根据化工行业标准HG/T2569-94对活性白土指标的规定,对甘肃某矿膨润土(蒙脱石黏土)湿法生产活性白土质量指标控制做了试验分析研究,以便探究如何提高并保证产品质量.     

香山饭店审美浅析

对香山饭店建造的历史背景及设计者贝聿铭作了简单介绍,分别对香山饭店的空间设计、形体设计和质感、细部装饰和色彩处理等进行了探析,以使人们深刻认识香山饭店独特的设计风格。     

毒鼠强中毒检验研究概况及进展

本文概述了十年来毒鼠强中毒检验研究成果及进展。简要描述了四种萃取净化方法，以及定性定量检验方法的特点、检测水平和应用。     

涂料中溶剂定性定量测定方法的探讨

以实际经验为基础并结合具体实例,探讨了涂料中溶剂定性定量的测定方法,包括内标物、稀释剂的选择以及其中可能发生的问题,并提出建立相应的记录方法。     

Challenges to engaging Black male victims of community violence in healthcare research: Lessons learned from two studies.

A dearth of literature exists on barriers to conducting research with Black male victims of community violence, despite the need for evidence-based postinjury interventions. This study used qualitative data from a cross-sectional interview study (n = 16) and a pilot intervention study (n = 11) conducted in Boston, MA to identify challenges and facilitators to conducting research with Black male victims of community violence, particularly with regard to recruitment and maintenance of a study sample. Qualitative methods, including Grounded Theory and ethnography, were used to analyze the data. Challenges included a fear of police involvement, an impression of “snitching” when disclosing personal information, mistrust of research motives, suspicion of the informed consent process, the emotional impact of the trauma itself, and logistical issues. Facilitators to research included monetary incentives and motivation to help oneself and others. Participant recommendations on recruitment methods relating to approach and timing are provided. Findings from this study may assist in the planning of research studies for Black male victims of community violence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Computer-aided qualitative data analysis: panacea or paradox?

Following the methodological debate within the construction management research community in the 1990s, research studies adopting inductive methodologies have increased. Many such projects have adopted computer-aided qualitative data analysis in order both to facilitate the research process and to ensure methodological rigour and transparency. However, there remains a paucity of critical discourse within the construction management research literature about the impact of such approaches on the depth and rigour of the resulting analyses. This paper posits that so-called computer-aided approaches have the potential to affect detrimentally the outcomes of construction management research if researchers see such tools as a panacea for ensuring the rigour and transparency of their work. Paradoxically, computer-aided approaches often restrict rather than aid the analytical process. The paper draws upon the authors' experiences of using a leading package from which a number of considerations for the use of computers in qualitative data analysis are discussed. It is concluded that the research community would benefit from an open debate on whether computer packages really do provide a panacea to the analysis of qualitative data in applied construction management research projects or whether their use merely provides a label with which to convince sceptical positivists of the rigour of inductive research techniques.     

Representing Epistemic Uncertainty by Means of Dialectical Argumentation

We articulate a dialectical argumentation framework for qualitative representation of epistemic uncertainty in scientific domains. The framework is grounded in specific philosophies of science and theories of rational mutual discourse. We study the formal properties of our framework and provide it with a game theoretic semantics. With this semantics, we examine the relationship between the snaphots of the debate in the framework and the long run position of the debate, and prove a result directly analogous to the standard (Neyman–Pearson) approach to statistical hypothesis testing. We believe this formalism for representating uncertainty has value in domains with only limited knowledge, where experimental evidence is ambiguous or conflicting, or where agreement between different stakeholders on the quantification of uncertainty is difficult to achieve. All three of these conditions are found in assessments of carcinogenic risk for new chemicals.