一种改进的向量空间信息检索模型研究

传统的信息检索方法忽略了文档结构对词的重要性.在此基础上,提出了改进的向量空间检索模型,利用该模型进行相似度计算.试验表明该模型可以提高信息检索的查准率和查全率不高的缺点.     

Expertise transfer,knowledge elicitation,and delayed recall in a design context

Abstract

This paper describes a new method for knowledge elicitation that may contribute to effective expertise transfer from human experts to knowledge-based systems. The method was applied to knowledge transfer in an aerospace design context. Knowledge was transferred directly from an expert designer to both expert and novice “receivers” of information. Transfer occurred in a natural way, without intervention from a knowledge engineer. To evaluate the process, the information receivers were required to recall the transmitted knowledge after a seven week delay. Results suggest that this method can be effective for expertise transfer and can indicate desirable characteristics for knowledge-based systems which aim to be adaptable to users’ differing levels of competence.     

一种基于XQuery的查询分解算法

针对查询分解算法查询的局限性和较低的查全率,提出了一种基于本体XQuery语言FWR表达式的查询分解算法．该算法利用XQuery全局查询语句,以FWR表达式的3项操作（构造查询范围、子查询条件和子查询输出属性集）将基于全局本体的查询分解到针对局部本体的子查询,能够降低查询分解的复杂性、保证查询的语义完整性,并能提高查全率．通过实例进行具体分析,验证了算法的有效性．     

语音识别准确率与检索性能的关联性研究

对海量语音进行基于内容的检索需要语音识别技术和检索技术的结合。本文通过调节语言模型的途径研究在不同识别率的语音识别文本上进行关键词检索的差异,由此研究语音识别性能和检索性能之间的关联性。通过对114小时语音数据的实验表明:语音识别性能与检索性能有一定的相关性,同时也说明改进检索的方法可以消除一部分由于语音识别所带来的误差。研究结果为进一步针对性地改进识别引擎、语音识别输出的表示和相应的快速检索方法提供了基础。     

Individual Differences in Susceptibility to False Memory in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott Paradigm.

The authors addressed whether individual differences in the working memory capacity (WMC) of young adults influence susceptibility to false memories for nonpresented critical words in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott associative list paradigm. The results of 2 experiments indicated that individuals with greater WMC recalled fewer critical words than individuals with reduced WMC when participants were forewarned about the tendency of associative lists (e.g., bed, rest, . . .) to elicit illusory memories for critical words (e.g., sleep). In contrast, both high and low WMC participants used repeated study-test trials to reduce recall of critical words. These findings suggest that individual differences in WMC influence cognitive control and the ability to actively maintain task goals in the face of interfering information or habit. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Theoretical Correlations and Measured Correlations: Relating Recognition and Recall in Four Distributed Memory Models.

This article addresses the relation between item recognition and associative (cued) recall. Going beyond measures of performance on each task, the analysis focuses on the degree to which the contingency between successful recognition and successful recall of a studied item reflects the commonality of memory processes underlying the recognition and recall tasks. Specifically, 4 classes of distributed memory models are assessed for their ability to account for the relatively invariant correlation (≈ .5) between successive recognition and recall. Basic versions of each model either under- or overpredict the intertask correlation. Introducing variability in goodness-of-encoding and response criteria, as well as output encoding, enabled all 4 models to reproduce the moderate intertask correlation and the increase in correlation observed in 2 mixed-list experiments. This model-based analysis provides a general theoretical framework for interpreting contingencies between successive memory tests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Image retrieval using efficient local-area matching

We present an efficient and accurate method for retrieving images based on color similarity with a given query image or histogram. The method matches the query against parts of the image using histogram intersection. Efficient searching for the best matching subimage is done by pruning the set of subimages using upper bound estimates. The method is fast, has high precision and recall and also allows queries based on the positions of one or more objects in the database image. Experimental results showing the efficiency of the proposed search method, and high precision and recall of retrieval are presented. Received: 20 January 1997 / Accepted: 5 January 1998     

Recalling Spatial Information as a Component of Recently and Remotely Acquired Episodic or Semantic Memories: An fMRI Study.

Activations produced by the recall of episodic and semantic memories differing in spatial content and age were examined. Recall of recent episodic memories with differing spatial content activated the medial temporal lobes and the retrosplenial-posterior cingulate cortex-precuneus complex more than recall of recent semantic memories with similarly differing spatial content. Some of these differences related to the amount of spatial information recalled because spatially richer recent memories, regardless of whether they were episodic or semantic, activated the right posterior parahippocampal cortex, precuneus, and posterior parietal cortex more. This spatial effect was found to be independent of memory age for semantic memories, although some episodic-semantic memory differences, including one in the left hippocampus, were not age independent. Episodic-semantic memory recall activation differences are therefore probably a function of the amount recalled, memory age, and what is recalled, particularly with respect to spatial information. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Part-Set Cuing Effects in Younger and Older Adults.

In 3 experiments, the authors examined part-set cuing effects in younger and older adults. Participants heard lists of category exemplars and later recalled them. Recall was uncued or cued with a subset of studied items. In Experiment 1, participants were cued with some of the category names, and they remembered fewer never-cued categories than a free-recall condition. In Experiment 2, a similar effect was observed for category exemplar cues. There was also an age difference: By some measures, a small number of cues impaired older adults more than younger. Experiment 3 replicated this result and found that older adults were disproportionately slow in the presence of cues. Across experiments, older adults showed robust part-set cuing effects, and sometimes, they were disproportionately impaired by cues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Effect of the Length of To-Be-Remembered Lists and Intervening Lists on Free Recall: A Reexamination Using Overt Rehearsal.

In 3 experiments, the authors investigated the effects of to-be-remembered (TBR) and intervening list length on free recall to determine whether selective rehearsal could explain the previous finding that recall was affected only by TBR list length. In Experiments 1 (covert rehearsal) and 2 (overt rehearsal), participants saw 5- and 20-word lists and had to recall the list prior to that last presented list. In Experiment 3, either 1 or 2 lists were presented, and recall of TBR list was postcued. Recall proportion decreased with increased TBR list length. Moreover, the authors found extended recency effects when recall was replotted by when words were last rehearsed (Experiments 2 and 3) and an effect of intervening list length when rehearsal was reduced (Experiment 3). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)