照相材料正弦波调制传递函数测试方法研究

由于照相材料的调制传递函数是表征照机影象质量的一项重要指标,因而吸引了众多科研人员展开了对照相材料调制传递函数理论的研究。作者也对照相材料调制传递函数的理论作了进一步研究,并在该理论的基础上设计并建立了一种更为新颖、简便的正弦波调制传递函数测试方法。实验结果表明：用该方法测试得到的调制传递函数值精度高、重复性好。本文详细介绍了该的基本原理、测试软件构成、样品及重复性试验。     

Sets and Uncertainty

Arguments are presented indicating coincidence between the concepts of uncertainty and precision, and also on the undesirability of using the uncertainty propagation law for estimating dispersion. It is possible to estimate the reproducibility without performing an interlaboratory experiment and ways are characterized for estimating the closeness between the actual (or true) value of a measured quantity to the measurement result in the presence of influencing factors.We continue the selection of papers from the seminar “Mathematical methods in providing quality and mutual acceptance in measurement results,” with the start of the selection found in Nos. 4 and 5 for 2005.__________Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 6, pp. 20–25, June, 2005.     

Further investigations into the reproducibility of check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions for sensory product characterization elicited by consumers

The purpose of the present research was further investigate the reproducibility of check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions for sensory product characterization. Evaluations obtained when such questions are used by consumers are rarely replicated and therefore reproducibility of the data may be at risk. Results from the present work, which included five studies, each with 100–200 consumers across a range of product categories, revealed that sensory product characterizations obtained using CATA questions with consumers are highly reproducible. Hence, the research confirms previous research by Jaeger, Chheang, et al. (2013) and extends it to the use of CATA terms in randomised presentation order as has been recommended to avoid satisficing response behavior. In the future, if CATA studies are conducted without replication and researches seek to examine the reliability of CATA data, the use of a posterior bootstrapping re-sampling approach is suggested.     

A Multiplicative Model for Gauge R & R Studies

We introduce a multiplicative measurement error model and analyze a gauge R & R study with the new model using data from a sample exchange program. Some aspects of designing a gauge R & R study are considered. Also, we analyze data from a factorial experiment where the measurement error arises from the new model using a simultaneous analysis of experimental and gauge R & R study data. WinBUGS code for these analyses is provided. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impact and Assessment of Measurement Systems that Meet the 4:1 Rule

This article considers the impact of a measurement system that meets the 4:1 rule. Probabilities of accepting a bad part and rejecting a good part are evaluated. A simulation study calculates the increased estimates of the population standard deviation when the measurement error is ignored, where both non‐trending and trending populations are considered. Also, the impact of sample size is evaluated on estimates and upper confidence bounds of the measurement system standard deviation that are used to assess the 4:1 rule capability; both measurement systems from a single and multiple sources of variation are explored. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

测量系统分析(MSA)在齿轮生产过程中的应用

测量系统分析(MSA)的概述,对计量型数据进行五种分析,包括稳定性、偏移、线性、重复性与再现性;对计数型数据进行Kappa统计量的计算,从而判定在齿轮生产过程中的测量系统的状态、可接受程度与改进方向。     

Evaluating the measurement capability of a wheel profile measurement system by using GR&R

Reliable data with less variation play a key role for acceptance of the usefulness of the measurement output of a wheel profile measurement system (WPMS) in a railway network. However, in practice, most studies are carried out without checking the reliability of data from such a system, which may lead to inappropriate maintenance strategies. To ensure the measurement capability of WPMS and to support robust maintenance in railway systems, this study has evaluated measurement data for the flange height, flange thickness, flange slope, and tread hollowing of rolling stock wheels by using gauge repeatability and reproducibility (GR&R). In this study, acceptance and rejection criteria for the precision-to-tolerance ratio (PTR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and discrimination ratio (DR) have been employed to evaluate the measurement capabilities. For the purpose of illustration, we have implemented a new proposed approach. This approach involves both an analysis using graphs with four regions with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% and an analysis using a graph with three regions with only the predicted values; the latter type of graph represents an innovation made in this study. This graph has the advantages that it can visualize three different levels of data quality in same figure, namely “unacceptable”, “acceptable” and “good”, and also include a number of measures without becoming unclear, which are features that have been missing in previous presentations. The results show that the measurements of the flange slope are on an acceptable level, while those for the flange height, flange thickness and tread hollowing have to be rejected as unacceptable. The action proposed for increasing the quality of data on the flange height, flange thickness and tread hollowing is to enhance the calibration of the WPMS. In conclusion, GR&R is a useful tool to evaluate the measurement capability of WPMS and to provide helpful support for maintenance decision making. This investigation also shows that there is good reason to be careful when selecting measures and when interpreting the results, since, for a certain wheel profile parameter, when one measure is used, the results may be acceptable, but when another measure is used, the results may be unacceptable.     

Two‐dimensional guidelines for measurement system indices

In this paper, we review two common measurement system indices and a common process capability index. With some simple plots, it will be shown that the traditional guidelines for these measurement system indices can often misdirect improvement efforts. By taking advantage of the relationship between the measurement system indices and the process capability index, two‐dimensional guidelines that can be used as an alternative to the traditional guidelines are developed. These two‐dimensional guidelines are intended to help address adequacy of the measurement system and better direct improvement efforts to where there will be the most benefit. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantitative evaluation of display characteristics of AMOLED displays

Abstract— Understanding the display characteristics of OLEDs is not only of general interest but also of technological importance for expanding the application of OLEDs. The display characteristics of AMOLEDs were quantitatively evaluated and compared with LCD or CRT performance. The fast response time and high contrast ratio, which are attractive characteristics of OLEDs, were also retained under low temperature and bright ambient, respectively. Moreover the luminance and color barely changed with viewing angle at any gray‐scale level. The optical design of OLED diodes is important for the emission characteristics, luminance, and color reproducibility.