二氧化硅基多孔块材的制备及其热稳定性

以非离子型表面活性剂P123和三甲基苯的微乳液为模板剂合成介孔SiO2粉体.以此粉体为原料,经干压成型、烧结制备多孔SiO2块材.分别用AlOOH溶胶和TiO2溶胶包覆多孔SiO2粉体,制成多孔SiO2/Al2O3块材和SiO2/TiO2块材.采用XRD、SEM、TEM、N2吸附法和阿基米德排水法对所制粉体和块材进行了表征,并研究了块材的热稳定性.结果表明,600～700℃烧结的多孔SiO2基块材的孔隙率为74%～76%.与多孔SiO2块材相比,在800～1000℃范围内,SiO2/Al2O3块材的热稳定性显著提高,SiO2/TiO2块材的热稳定性在800～900℃范围内有一定改善.     

白炭黑原位复合聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的合成及次级网络对流变行为的影响

采用水溶液聚合法,通过丙烯酰胺与白炭黑原位复合,制备出复合聚丙烯酰胺凝胶.采用高级流变仪和红外吸收光谱证实了白炭黑与聚丙烯酰胺形成的次级网络的存在,通过对比不同白炭黑填充量和不同吸水倍数对聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶模量、损耗角正切、零切黏度和流动指数的影响,发现白炭黑的加入对聚丙烯酰胺凝胶力学性能的贡献,随着白炭黑用量在0%～3...     

大理石表面壳聚糖／二氧化硅保护膜的制备及其性能

为改善大理石在酸雨和酸雾环境下的耐蚀性能,运用仿生合成方法在大理石表面制备了一层壳聚：糖／二氧化硅（CS／SiO2）保护膜。通过扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱对膜的形貌结构进行了表征,并对膜的基本性质进行了测试。结果表明：CS／SiO2膜以球形颗粒沉积在大理石表面,保持了其原有的透气性,减小了其吸水性;膜的耐酸性能优越,显著...     

稻草发酵产氢潜力的研究

以稻草为发酵原料 ,控制发酵料液pH值在 5 0左右 ,采用批量发酵工艺 ,进行了厌氧发酵产氢的研究。实验结果表明 ,稻草的产氢潜力为 5 3.5mL/g·TS和 6 3.6 5mL/g·VS。     

Silica aerogel granulate material for thermal insulation and daylighting

Silica aerogel granulate is a nanostructured material with high solar transmittance and low thermal conductivity. These properties offer exciting applications in building envelopes. One objective of the joint R&D project ISOTEG at ZAE Bayern was to develop and characterize a new glazing element based on granular silica aerogel. Heat transfer coefficients of less than 0.4 W/(m² K) and a total solar energy transmittance of 35% for the whole glazing unit were achieved. The glazing has a thickness of less than 50 mm. Another application for granular silica aerogel is, for example, in solar collectors.The thermal properties of the glazing as well as the optical and thermal properties of the granular aerogels are presented here. The solar transmittance of a 10 mm packed bed of silica aerogel was 53% for semi-translucent spheres and 88% for highly translucent granulate. In our heat transfer experiments the gas pressure, external pressure load, temperature and gas filling were varied. The various thermal conductivity values measured for the glazing and collector applications were compared to the values calculated using two different packed bed models. For the gas-dependent measurements the intergranular voids in the granulate were 1.0 ± 0.1 mm before loading the packed bed, 0.3 ± 0.1 mm at an external load of 3.2 bar (3.2 × 10⁵ Pa) and 0.6 ± 0.1 mm after release.A direct radiative conduction of λ_direct = 4.5 ± 0.5 × 10⁻³ W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ was obtained.     

A Hollow‐Core,Magnetic, and Mesoporous Double‐Shell Nanostructure: In Situ Decomposition/Reduction Synthesis,Bioimaging, and Drug‐Delivery Properties

A novel in situ decomposition/reduction approach is developed to manu­facture hollow core, magnetic, and mesoporous double‐shell nanostructures (HMMNSs) via in situ decomposition and reduction of a β‐FeOOH nanorod core and organosilicate‐incorporated silica‐shell precursor. The formed HMMNSs are then aminated by silanization for further covalent conjugation to rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains. The resultant RBITC‐grafted and PEGylated nanocomposites (HMMNS–R/Ps) have excellent blood compatibility and very low cytotoxicity towards HeLa and MCF‐7 cells, and can be taken up by cancer cells effectively in a dose‐dependent manner, as confirmed by in vitro flow cytometry, confocal luminescence imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. In vivo MRI studies coupled with Prussian blue staining of slides from different organs show that the nanocomposites preferentially accumulate in liver and spleen after intravenous injection, which suggests a potential application of the nanocomposites as MRI contrast agents. Importantly, the HMMNS–R/P nanocomposites show high loading capacity for water‐insoluble anticancer drugs (docetaxel or camptothecin) owing to the presence of a large inner cavity and enhanced surface area and pore volume. Furthermore, the drug‐loaded nanocomposites exhibit greater cytotoxicity than the corresponding free drugs. These results confirm that the HMMNS–R/P nanocomposites are promising candidates for simultaneous bioimaging and drug delivery.     

Novel,Robust, and Versatile Bijels of Nitromethane,Ethanediol, and Colloidal Silica: Capsules,Sub‐Ten‐Micrometer Domains,and Mechanical Properties

Bicontinuous, interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels) are a class of soft solid materials in which interpenetrating domains of two immiscible fluids are stabilized by an interfacial colloidal monolayer. Such structures form through the arrest of the spinodal decomposition of an initially single‐phase liquid mixture containing a colloidal suspension. With the use of hexalmethyldisilazane, the wetting character of silica colloids, ranging in size and dye content, can be modified for fabricating a novel bijel system comprising the binary liquid ethanediol–nitromethane. Unlike the preceding water‐lutidine based system, this bijel is stable at room temperature and its fabrication and resultant manipulation are comparatively straightforward. The new system has facilitated three advancements: firstly, we use sub 100 nm silica particles to stabilize the first bijel made from low molecular weight liquids that has domains smaller than ten micrometers. Secondly, our new and robust bijel permits qualitative rheological work which reveals the bijel to be significantly elastic and self healing whilst its domains are able to break, reform and locally rearrange. Thirdly, we encapsulate the ethanediol–nitromethane bijel in Pickering drops to form novel particle‐stabilized bicontinuous multiple emulsions that we christen bijel capsules. These emulsions are stimuli responsive – they liberate their contained materials in response to changes in temperature and solvency, and hence they show potential for controlled release applications.     

Biocatalytic Nanoscale Coatings Through Biomimetic Layer‐by‐Layer Mineralization

Recent insight into the molecular mechanisms of biological mineral formation (biomineralization) has enabled biomimetic approaches for the synthesis of functional organic‐inorganic hybrid materials under mild reaction conditions. Here we describe a novel method for enzyme immobilization in thin (nanoscale) conformal mineral coatings using biomimetic layer‐by‐layer (LbL) mineralization. The method utilizes a multifunctional molecule comprised of a naturally‐occurring peptide, protamine (PA), covalently bound to the redox enzyme Glucose oxidase (GOx). PA mimics the mineralizing properties of biomolecules involved in silica biomineralization in diatoms, and its covalent attachment to GOx does not interfere with the catalytic activity. Highly efficient and stable incorporation of this modified enzyme (GOx‐PA) into nanoscale layers (～5–7 nm thickness) of Ti‐O and Si‐O is accomplished during protamine‐enabled LbL mineralization on silica spheres. Depending on the layer location of the enzyme and the type of mineral (silica or titania) within which the enzyme is incorporated, the resulting multilayer biocatalytic hybrid materials exhibit between 20–100% of the activity of the free enzyme in solution. Analyses of kinetic properties (V_max, K_M) of the immobilized enzyme, coupled with characterization of physical properties of the mineral‐bearing layers (thickness, porosity, pore size distribution), indicates that the catalytic activities of the synthesized hybrid nanoscale coatings are largely determined by substrate diffusion rather than enzyme functionality. The GOx‐PA immobilized in these nanoscale layers is substantially stabilized against heat‐induced denaturation and largely protected from proteolytic attack. The method for enzyme immobilization described here enables, for the first time, the high yield immobilization and stabilization of enzymes within continuous, conformal, and nanoscale coatings through biomimetic LbL mineralization. This approach will likely be applicable to a wide variety of surfaces and functional biomolecules. The ability to synthesize thin (nanoscale) conformal enzyme‐loaded layers is of interest for numerous applications, including enzyme‐based biofuel cells and biosensors.     

Synthesis and optical properties of europium pentafluoropropionate 1,10-phenanthroline complex and its silica glass

Europium pentafluoropropionate 1,10-phenanthroline complex,Eu(C2F5COO)3·Phen (Phen=1,10-phenanthroline),were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectrosc...     

Characterization of adhesion property between fused silica and thermoplastic polymer film in thermal nanoimprint lithography using a novel pull-off test

A novel pull-off test that mimics the actual thermal NIL process was conducted to investigate the adhesion properties between a flat fused silica and thermoplastic polymer film used in thermal NIL process. The pull-off force was measured under various NIL conditions—such as use of various polymer materials, imprint pressures, and separation velocities—and the surfaces of the mold and polymer film were observed after the test. The anti-sticking layer (ASL) derived from (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)trichlorosilane (F₁₃-OTS) was coated on the fused silica and its effects on the adhesion characteristics was also examined. In cases of the mold without ASL, the pull-off force varied significantly according to the process conditions and damage on the polymer film was observed in most of the tests. In cases of the mold coated with the ASL, on the other hands, the pull-off force was maintained at a lower level in the range of the imprint pressure from 2 to 10 MPa or separation velocity from 1 to 25 μm/s, and there was no damage to the polymer film due to adhesion.