微生物降解原油发酵液中低分子量有机酸的测定

本文使用气-质联用仪对微生物降解原油发酵液中低分子量有机酸进行测定。采用水蒸汽蒸发法蒸出发酵液中低分子量有机酸，从而使其与样品中大量的无机盐和表面活性剂分离，浓缩后直接进样。该方法简单直接，可以减少有机酸的损失。     

离子交朕无规羧基橡胶

综述了离子交联无规羧基橡胶（羧基橡胶）的制备方法、硫化方法、硫化胶性能及其用途，指出了羧基橡胶今后的发展方向。     

A study on cashew nut oil composition

Eight samples of cashew nut oil were assayed, and the component triacylglycerols, fatty acids and several unsaponifiable compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total lipid amount, unsaponifiable percentage, fatty acids, sterols, triterpene alcohols and tocopherols are reported here. The combination of GC and HPLC enhanced the resolution of compound classes.     

硫化方法对橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料黏土片层分散状态的影响

通过熔体插层法以及常压硫化法制备了橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料,并与模压硫化法制备的复合材料进行了对比,研究了硫化方法对橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料微观分散状态的影响。结果表明:采用熔体插层法制备的橡胶/黏土混合物,其受限状态的橡胶大分子链在高温、高压条件下,在黏土片层之间处于一种热力学不稳定状态;模压处理会对橡胶/黏土混合物的分散状态产生不利影响。透射电子显微镜和X光衍射分析表明,采用模压硫化、常压硫化得到的丁基橡胶或丁苯橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料中黏土片层的微观分散状态不同;排除压力的影响,常压硫化有利于提高橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料中黏土片层的分散程度。     

化学沉淀稠油脱钙剂的研究

本文介绍了(NH4)2HPO4做为化学沉淀脱钙剂的室内研究,讨论了脱钙剂加入量、注水量、温度及混合强度对脱钙效果的影响。试验结果表明,在(NH4)2HPO4加入量为原油中Ca的摩尔数的6倍,注水量占原油量8%,反应温度100℃,乳化机搅拌8m in时,原油脱钙率可达90%,对普通碳钢无腐蚀作用。最后,提出循环沉降工艺是该技术的研究方向。     

大机组油路的清洗

我国各大化肥装置的大机组油路或多或少存在着油路不净、流通不畅而严重威胁装置安全运行的事例。本文着重介绍了合成氨装置大机组公用油系统油路的清洗方法、步骤及效果等问题,以供借鉴。     

Phase transitions of canola oil sediment

Canola sediment was obtained from an industrial filter cake by solvent extraction. When heated in the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) (5–100°C), the sediment exhibited a single narrow melting peak at around 74.8°C. No solid-state polymorphic transformation of the material could be detected over this temperature range. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of canola sediment resembled waxes from other sources with an orthorhombic unit cell. The phase transition behavior of canola sediment in oil was studied by both DSC and polarizing microscopy. With increasing ratio of oil/sediment, a reduction in both melting temperature and transition enthalpy was observed. The shape of the supercooling curve resembled that of the melting curve. The induction time was determined by spectrophotometry and was used to calculate the interfacial free energyσ between sediment and oil; σ=4.71 erg/cm². The effect of temperature and sediment concentration on the clouding time of canola oil was studied; the clouding time was the shortest at 5°C.     

Rheological properties and foam processibility of precured EPDM

EPDM foam was prepared by dynamically vulcanizing EPDM compound in a HAAKE rheometer firstly, then mixing the partially precured EPDM compound with a blowing agent and a sulfur vulcanizing system on a two roll mill. The compound was extruded through a cold feed extruder, and the extrudate was foamed in a circulating hot air oven. EPDM compound was vulcanized partly in the HAAKE rheometer, the final torque increases with increasing sulfur content. Rheological measurement shows the dynamic storage modulus, the loss modulus, and the complex viscosity of precured EPDM compound increase with increasing sulfur content. Then the partially precured EPDM compound was compounded with a blowing agent and a sulfur vulcanizing systems, Rheometric measurement shows that the rate of vulcanization of partially precured EPDM compound is not affected by the precure. The blowing results show that the foam processibility could be improved and the expansion ratio increases in the same processing condition for optimum partially precured EPDM compound, which indicates the optimum crosslink density for EPDM could enhance the efficiency of blowing agent AC. SEM shows that the foam articles have a closed‐cell structure with few open cells, and the large cells inlay among the small cells. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3387–3394, 2006     

非临氢降凝催化剂的研制与评价

以ZSM-5为主体，加入一定量的自制BCM沸石，采用水热合成法合成新型非临氢降凝催化剂。以催化裂化柴油和减一线馏分油为原料对其反应性能进行评价。结果表明, 该催化剂具有明显的降凝效果。当反应温度为340 ℃、空速为1 h^-1时，凝点降幅为45 ℃左右，液体产品收率均在95%以上。所生产的柴油十六烷值高，硫、氮含量低，凝点低，基本满足了产品调合出厂的质量要求。     

油页岩渣的改性及其在聚乙烯塑料中的应用

将油页岩渣用不同改性剂进行表面改性,再按不同的份数添加到聚乙烯中,制备成标准样条测试其力学性能,并用扫描电镜分析了冲击断面形貌.结果表明, 经硬脂酸和硬脂酸钙改性的油页岩渣效果较好,填充10份时其缺口冲击强度分别为5.45 kJ/m2和5.75 kJ/m2,可以代替部分CaCO3,应用于一些塑料制品中.