Nitrogen use efficiency by maize as affected by a mucuna short fallow and P application in the coastal savanna of West Africa

Maize is the primary food crop grown by farmers in the coastal savanna region of Togo and Benin on degraded (rhodic ferralsols), low in soil K-supplying capacity, and non-degraded (plinthic acrisols) soils. Agronomic trials were conducted during 1999–2002 in southern Togo on both soil types to investigate the impact of N and P fertilization and the introduction of a mucuna short fallow (MSF) on yield, indigenous N supply of the soil, N recovery fraction and internal efficiency of maize. In all plots, an annual basal dose of 100 kg K ha^–1 was applied to the maize crop. Maize and mucuna crop residues were incorporated into the soil during land preparation. Treatment yields were primarily below 80% of CERES-MAIZE simulated weather-defined maize yield potentials, indicating that nutrients were more limiting than weather conditions. On degraded soil (DS), maize yields increased from 0.4 t ha^–1 to 2.8 t ha^–1 from 1999 to 2001, without N or P application, in the absence of MSF, with annual K application and incorporation of maize crop residues. Application of N and P mineral fertilizer resulted in yield gains of 1–1.5 t ha^–1. With MSF, additional yield gains of between 0.5 and 1.0 t ha^–1 were obtained at low N application rates. N supply of the soil increased from 10 to 42 kg ha^–1 from 1999 to 2001 and to 58 kg N ha^–1 with MSF. Application of P resulted in significant improvements in N recovery fraction, and greatest gains were obtained with MSF and P application. MSF did not significantly affect internal N efficiency, which averaged 45 kg grain (kg N uptake)^–1. On non-degraded soils (NDS) and without N or P application, in the absence of MSF, maize yields were about 3 t ha^–1 from 1999 to 2001, with N supply of the soil ranging from 55 to 110 kg N ha^–1. Application of 40 kg P ha^–1 alone resulted in significant maize yield gains of between 1.0 (1999) and 1.5 (2001) t ha^–1. Inclusion of MSF did not significantly improve maize yields and even reduced N recovery fraction as determined in the third cropping year (2001). Results illustrate the importance of site-specific integrated soil fertility management recommendations for the southern regions of Togo and Benin that consider indigenous soil nutrient-supplying capacity and yield potential. On DS, the main nutrients limiting maize growth were N and probably K. On NDS, nutrients limiting growth were mainly N and P. Even on DS rapid gains in productivity can be obtained, with MSF serving as a means to allow farmers with limited financial means to restore the fertility of such soils. MSF cannot be recommended on relatively fertile NDS.     

聚合物熔体在圆锥短口模的挤出胀大方程

深入讨论了聚合物熔体在不同长径比、不同角度圆锥短口模的挤出胀大现象及机理，利用生产用挤出机进行不同角度的圆锥短口模实验。结果表明，圆锥短口模挤出过程中，熔体在收敛流道受到拉伸流变，导致强烈的入口弹性效应，表现为熔体在短口模挤出时显著的挤出胀大。理论和实验研究结果进一步表明不同圆锥口模入口角对实验材料表现出有不同的挤出胀大值。     

国产短程纺牵联合机纺制烟用聚丙烯丝束的工艺研究

用国产SLHP001短程纺牵联合机和SLHP 101丝束加工联合机,通过选择合理生产工艺,着眼于提高纤维的刚性和膨松性,研制出了高质量的烟用聚丙烯丝束。不加胶粘剂成型的滤棒(120mm),圆周稳定,硬度达到88%—89.5%,吸阻为3.2-3.4kPa,产出率达到125万支/t,比国内同类产品高15—20万支/t。     

一种面向大规模短特征集的字符串匹配技术

面向大规模特征集的字符串匹配技术在病毒检测、内容过滤等问题上的应用愈加广泛,而短模式串一直是阻碍性能提升的重要瓶颈。针对短模式串进行分析讨论,基于跳跃算法优化,采用了动态块大小和动态Hash处理以及Hash函数设计场景化的策略,同时探讨了多核处理器与多线程设计之间的关系。实验数据证明改进的算法策略具有支撑百万级特征集字符串匹配的能力。     

Effect of adhesive‐coated glass fiber in natural rubber (NR), acrylonitrile rubber (NBR), and ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) formulations. II. Effect of cyclic loading,abrasion, and accelerated aging

Treated glass fibers (RICS, 3 and 6 mm in length) were added at a concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 phr in natural rubber (NR), nitrile rubber (NBR), and ethylene–propylene–diene comonomer (EPDM) formulations, in both plain and carbon black mixes. The compounds were mixed in two‐roll mill and were evaluated for their resistance to hot‐air aging, abrasion, compression set, Goodrich heat buildup, De Mattia fatigue, and for NR mixes, adhesion in the tensile mode. The vulcanizates of the three rubbers showed resistance to hot‐air aging. Abrasion resistance was poor for NR, and it improved with carbon black addition in the presence of treated glass fiber in NBR. In carbon‐black‐added EPDM vulcanizates, the abrasion resistance and fatigue resistance were better. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1124–1135, 2004     

基于短消息平台的气象卫星业务维护管理系统

为满足静止气象卫星地面应用系统的运行管理需求,保证业务系统的高可靠性和维护响应的高时效性,设计了一套基于短消息平台的业务维护管理系统。该系统由短消息平台、实时业务监测和自动维护管理三部分组成,能够实时监测多套卫星系统的业务关键点,及时发现业务故障和特殊事件,利用短消息平台实现消息的集中管理和即时发送,同时具备故障策略管理、维护调度管理和自动化维护响应等功能。实施效果表明该系统具备良好的适用性和可扩展性,能有效减轻维护管理人员的工作压力,为高时效和高可靠要求的大型系统维护管理工作提供有效的技术手段。     

废短纤维/橡胶复合材料的力学和疲劳性能

考察了橡胶再生废短纤维的表面特性和长度分布，研究了橡胶再生废短纤维／橡胶复合材料（ＷＳＦＲＣ）的力学性能以及纤维表面预处理对它的影响，探讨了它在橡胶工业中应用的可能性。对ＷＳ－ＦＲＣ的动态拉伸和压缩疲劳性能也进行了考察。结果表明：随着纤维用量的增加．ＷＳＦＲＣ的拉伸和压缩疲劳性能下降；与同样硬度的纯炭黑胶料相比，ＷＳＦＲＣ的疲劳温升更低；ＷＳＦＲＣ的疲劳性能还随纤维排列方向的不同而变化。     

油炉改造中的CFB锅炉消缺运行

分析江汉油田盐化工总厂油炉改造中35 t·h-1 循环流化床锅炉的特点、投运后存在的主要问题及其原因,介绍了采取的主要消缺改造措施,总结了改造效果,并对该类型锅炉的改造提出了自己的建议。     

薄壁注塑成型技术

由于3C产品向“轻、薄、短、小”方向发展得越来越快，所以薄壁注塑成型技术也受到人们高度重视。介绍了薄壁注塑成型技术产生的背景及其优点，分析了薄壁注塑成型的定义，综述了薄壁注塑成型中的注塑机、模具设计、制品设计和材料选用，探讨了薄壁注塑成型中所面临的主要问题。     

PE/PP皮芯型复合超短纤维生产技术

本文从原丝质量控制、原料选择、油剂的选用和工艺条件等方面介绍了PE/PP(聚乙烯/聚丙烯)皮芯复合超短纤维生产技术，指出分散性是超短纤维最主要的控制指标，3mm纤维是超短纤维的发展趋势．