新型废水厌氧处理工艺——内循环厌氧反应器

介绍内循环(IC)厌氧反应器的发展、基本结构、运行机理。分析该反应器的工艺过程,指出该工艺具有处理效率高、抗冲击能力强等优点。针对IC反应器存在的缺陷,人们对该反应器进行技术改进:通过提高它的内循环的气量进行处理低浓度有机废水;增加外循环装置缩短IC反应器的启动周期。     

非晶态PdCuSi的内耗和DSC研究

用葛摆测量了ａ－ＰｄＣｕＳｉ合金的内耗－温度曲线，证明在该合金的Ｔｇ和Ｔｘ温度附近有两个内耗峰Ｐ１和Ｐ２．Ｐ２峰是与非晶晶化有关的内耗峰，而Ｐ１峰可能是弛豫型的内耗峰．分析了倒扭摆和Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｔｅ摆的灵敏度，阐述了这两种摆不适用于测量ａ—ＰｄＣｕＳｉ类合金的内耗峰．     

加氢基础油性能考察及其在内燃机油中的应用

介绍了加氢基础油与老三套基础油理化性能差别,考察了加氢基础油对抗氧剂、降凝剂的感受性及其破乳化性,同时,用加氢基础油调制SH、SJ/GF-2、CF-4等内燃机油,考察其性能,台架及行车试验表明,加氢基础油具有良好的氧化安定性和粘温性能,且蒸发损失低,能满足高档汽油机油的使用性能要求。     

泡沫铝的声频内耗

研究了泡沫Ａｌ的声频内耗，结果表明：泡沫Ａｌ的内耗值比普通Ａｌ大一个量级以上，且随测量频率的增加而减小。出现了正常振幅效应。用平面波动方程，推导了泡沫Ａｌ的内耗与频率，孔隙率和孔径的关系，较好地解释了实验结果。     

三峡水电站“充水保压”钢蜗壳外围混凝土结构三维有限元分析

本文介绍三峡水电站蜗壳结构三维有限元计算结果，结果表明：三峡水电站钢蜗壳选用充水保压浇筑外围混凝土的埋置方式是合适的；采用78～88m保压水头值比较合适；蜗壳结构各截面最大拉应力值出现在不同荷载组合情况下，在配置钢筋时应引起重视。     

电子商务对企业集团营销手段的影响

介绍了电子商务，以及目前电子商务的发展趋势及对社会的影响，特别阐述了蓬勃发展的电子商务对企业集团的经营环境与手段的影响。     

基于无监督深度图像生成的盲降噪模型

鉴于有监督神经网络降噪模型的数据依赖缺陷,提出了一种基于无监督深度生成（UDIG）的盲降噪模型。首先,利用噪声水平评估（NLE）算法测定给定噪声图像中的噪声水平值并输入到主流FFDNet降噪模型中,所得到降噪后的图像（称为初步降噪图像）作为UDIG降噪模型的输入。其次,选用编码器—解码器架构作为UDIG模型的骨干网络并用UDIG模型的输出图像（即生成图像）分别与初步降噪图像、噪声图像之间的均方误差之和构建混合loss函数;再次,以loss最小化为优化目标,通过随机梯度下降（SGD）网络训练算法调整网络模型的参数值从而获得一系列生成图像;最后,当残差图像（噪声图像与生成图像之间）的标准差逼近之前NLE算法所测定的噪声水平估计值时及时终止网络迭代训练过程,从而确保生成图像（作为降噪后图像）的图像质量最佳。实验结果表明：与现有的主流降噪模型（算法）相比,UDIG降噪模型在降噪效果上具有显著优势。     

含三维内裂纹透明类岩石材料破坏红外热像试验研究

由于目前针对含三维内裂纹的岩石破坏红外热像特征的研究较少,本文基于预埋浇注法制作含内裂纹类岩石试件,开展了单轴压缩块体试验和巴西圆盘劈拉试验,得到含内裂纹的岩石破坏过程,监测内裂纹扩展及试件破坏过程中的红外热像特征,得到以下结论:(1)含三维内裂纹的块体试件在单轴压缩下,在预制内裂纹面上发生剪切破坏;(2)块体试件在单轴压缩作用下红外热像特征明显,在破坏时,在预制内裂纹面处急剧升温;(3)含三维内裂纹巴西圆盘试件在预制内裂纹尖端发生翼型裂纹扩展,边缘带有针刺状Ⅲ型裂纹参与特征,最终翼型裂纹与上下表面贯穿;(4)巴西圆盘试验的红外热像特征与块体单轴压缩不同,在断裂面处未发生明显变化。研究结果为研究三维内裂纹的扩展规律及内裂纹扩展破裂的红外热像规律可提供一定的试验参考。     

New results on robust output regulation of nonlinear systems with a nonlinear exosystem

The global robust output regulation problem for nonlinear plants subject to nonlinear exosystems has been a challenging problem and has not been well addressed. The main difficulty lies in finding a suitable internal model. The existing internal model for handling the nonlinear exosystem is not zero input globally asymptotically stable, and can only guarantee a local solution for the output regulation problem. In this paper, we first propose a new class of internal models, which is guaranteed to exist under the generalized immersion condition. An advantage of this internal model is that it is zero input globally asymptotically stable. This fact will greatly facilitate the global stabilization of the augmented system associated with the given plant and the internal model. Then we will further utilize this class of internal models to solve the global robust output regulation problem for output feedback systems with a nonlinear exosystem. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Internal-oxide-band formation during oxidation of Ag-Mg alloys

Ag-3a/oMg was oxidized in air over the range of 400–900°C. Internal-oxide bands of MgO formed approximately parallel to the surface, the first band appearing at some finite, but irregular depth below the surface. The region between the surface and the first band appeared to be free of precipitates, but TEM showed that very small clusters, about 50 Å in diameter, formed in the PFZ, causing significant hardness (greater than 300 VHN). The clusters contain more oxygen than that corresponding to stoichiometric MgO. The hardness between oxide bands was also high, but not as high as in the PFZ. The kinetics of thickening of the internal-band region followed the parabolic rate law between 400 and 700° C, with departures from the parabolic law occurring at higher temperatures. The activation energy for the parabolic rate constants was 19.4 Kcal/mol, a value less than the total for oxygen diffusion and oxygen dissolution. The reaction front was planar and parallel to the surface prior to band formation at temperatures of 400–600° C. Nucleation of the first band resulted in nonplanar and nonparallel oxide. Little or no correlation existed between grain boundaries and oxide formation. Nodules of virtually pure silver formed on the surface initially at grain boundaries and subsequently within grains. Nodule formation is attributed to stress-enhanced (resulting from strains associated with precipitation) diffusion of silver to the surface via dislocation pipes. Internal-band formation is discussed in terms of prior data in the literature and various models. It is thought that stress effects (induced by precipitation), nucleation, and clustering of oxygen with Mg play significant roles in causing internal-band formation.