Rheology evolution of a geopolymer precursor aqueous suspension during aging

Geopolymer-based glass-ceramic matrix composites can be processed at room temperature and a heat treatment below 100°C leads to matrix hardening thanks to the geopolymerization mechanisms. The stabilization of the matrix into glass-ceramics is achieved via a post-curing at high temperature. This paves the way of the utilization of cost-effective liquid composite molding processes, for which all the necessary equipment is already available for processing temperature ranges related to polymer matrix composites, provided that the rheological behavior of the precursor is suitable to conveniently permeate the fibrous preform. The paper describes the thixotropic rheological behavior of a reference suspension at processing temperature (10°C-20°C) and its evolution along aging at −18°C. The changes are interpreted in terms of geopolymerization mechanisms (dissolution and polycondensation) and suspension rheology (predominance of hydrodynamic effects at high shear rate). On this basis, a phenomenological modeling framework, combining two Krieger-Dougherty equations, is proposed to build a relationship between the effective viscosity of the suspension and the phenomena involved during aging (dissolution of aluminosilicate particles) and shearing (microstructure scalar variable).     

Critical assessment: opportunities in developing semi-solid processing: aluminium,magnesium, and high-temperature alloys

Semi-solid metal processing (SSM) is a modern metal forming technology offering net-shape metal components of complex geometry in a one-step operation. The process relies on the thixotropic behaviour of metals with non-dendritic microstructures in a wide semi-solid temperature range. The beneficial effects are currently exploited in aluminium and magnesium alloys. This alternative manufacturing route to casting and forging has generated high expectations regarding high melting alloys, although no conclusive results have been achieved so far. Current studies focus on a deep understanding of the fundamental basics of alloys in the semi-solid range, e.g. rheology, microstructural evolution, and the consequences of forming, e.g. relations between process parameters, microstructure, and properties. This critical assessment aims at defining the important needs for further development of SSM, and assessing current knowledge.     

Autonomous Ultrafast Self‐Healing Hydrogels by pH‐Responsive Functional Nanofiber Gelators as Cell Matrices

The synthesis of hybrid hydrogels by pH‐controlled structural transition with exceptional rheological properties as cellular matrix is reported. “Depsi” peptide sequences are grafted onto a polypeptide backbone that undergo a pH‐induced intramolecular O–N–acyl migration at physiological conditions affording peptide nanofibers (PNFs) as supramolecular gelators. The polypeptide–PNF hydrogels are mechanically remarkably robust. They reveal exciting thixotropic behavior with immediate in situ recovery after exposure to various high strains over long periods and self‐repair of defects by instantaneous reassembly. High cytocompatibility, convenient functionalization by coassembly, and controlled enzymatic degradation but stability in 2D and 3D cell culture as demonstrated by the encapsulation of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells and neuronal cells open many attractive opportunities for 3D tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.     

全熔块釉釉浆性能的研究

本文提出了全熔块釉釉浆系统,并对系统的悬浮,凝聚,絮凝等状态的形成机理作了研究,并从熔块的自身特性方面对系统的影响作了探讨。介绍了通过添加剂来调整釉浆性能的调控工艺。     

Rheological properties of aqueous α A12O3 suspensions: Influence of dispersant concentration

The effects of concentration of polyacrylic acid as a dispersant on rheological properties of aqueous alumina suspensions have been investigated under steady and oscillatory shear conditions. At solid volume fractions between 0.45 and 0.6, a high degree of particle stabilization is achieved when 0.2 wt% of polyacrylic acid is added. At lower dispersant concentrations, suspensions exhibit pronounced irreversible thixotropic behaviour, whereas at higher dispersant concentrations, time dependent effects on the flow properties are not detectable. When the saturation adsorption limit of the polyelectrolyte on Al₂O₃ is reached, further addition of the dispersant appreciably changes the flow behaviour, as well as the viscoelastic response of investigated suspensions. The data under steady shear are described by application of the generalized Casson model, and for the analysis of viscoelastic data the generalized Maxwell model is used.     

剪切稀化悬浮体触变性的研究

假设在剪切状态下结构参数变化的速率服从一级动力学关系,在此基础上导出适用于剪切稀化悬浮体的数学模型。该模型能够定量表征悬浮体非定态的流认性能（如触变性）,并可求得悬浮体系的材料函数,进而可以推一态的流变性能（如剪切粘度）。用二氧化钛水浆及泥石流触变环的实验数据拟合触变环,求取模型参数,模型预示的定态剪切粘度与实验值吻合良好。     

富镁矿渣-水泥复合注浆材料的制备及性能研究

针对护坡灌注桩用注浆材料易渗漏和成本高的问题,研制开发了触变型富镁矿渣-水泥复合注浆材料,并对其各种性能(凝结时间、抗压强度、流动性和触变性)和微观结构及添加石膏对其性能的影响进行了研究.结果表明:随着富镁矿渣掺量的增加,复合浆体的凝结时间延长,早期抗压强度有所下降(但满足施工技术要求),后期抗压强度稳定增长;复合浆体的主要水化产物为C-S-H凝胶、Ca(OH)2和少量的AFt晶体.在复合浆体中掺加2％的石膏可以激发富镁矿渣的活性从而提高浆体的抗压强度,同时使浆体具有良好的触变性,起到防渗漏的作用.     

The rheological properties of abnormally viscous oil

Results of experimental determination of Yaregskoe field degassed oil's rheological characteristics are given in the article. Modern methods of viscoelastic and thixotropic properties research are described and results of these method's application while abnormal oil research are shown. As a result an improved data of Yaregskoe field's oil is obtained and there is a recommendation to extend a number of enhanced oil recovery methods, including physicochemical and wave methods application.     

基于滞回环的含蜡原油触变模型评价

触变性是含蜡原油的一个重要流变特性,对输油管道停输再启动过程的水力特性及安全性至关重要。通过实验,研究了4种含蜡原油在剪切速率先呈线性增大后呈线性减小这一循环加载条件下的滞回环特性。利用最小二乘原理,分别对剪切速率循环一次得到的单一滞回环和剪切速率变化率不同的多个循环得到的多个滞回环进行了拟合。用平均偏差作为统计指标,对8个触变模型进行了评价。结果表明,基于Cheng的含蜡油品中存在完全可逆和完全不可逆两类结构,在Houska模型的基础上建立的模型最适合于描述含蜡原油的滞回环特性。     

含蜡原油的黏弹-触变模型

在胶凝温度以下,因蜡的结晶析出并形成三维空间网络结构,含蜡原油表现出复杂的非牛顿流体特性,如黏弹性、屈服应力和触变性等。目前,含蜡原油的触变性模型均为黏塑性模型,没有考虑屈服点附近及之前物料所具有的黏弹特性。为此,提出了一个包含状态方程和速率方程、共10个未知参数的黏弹-触变模型。模型的剪应力由弹性应力和黏性应力构成,弹性应力为剪切模量与剪应变的乘积,剪切模量正比于结构参数和损耗函数。描述结构参数随时间变化的速率方程,假设结构破坏项与能量耗散率相关,克服了以往速率方程中结构破坏项与剪切率相关这一假设的不足。模型可描述含蜡原油所具有黏弹-触变特性,并且所预测的剪应力能够从以黏弹性为主的阶段平滑过渡到以触变性为主的阶段。利用大庆原油剪切率阶跃和滞回环的实验数据对模型进行验证。结果表明:两种测试的模型拟合值与实测值的平均相对偏差分别在2.0%和5.0%以内;利用由剪切率阶跃测试数据拟合得到的模型参数对滞回环测试进行预测,预测的平均相对偏差约为16%。