Rheological behaviour of blueberry cloudy juice (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

The rheological behaviour of blueberry cloudy juice ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.), prepared from fresh berries, was studied as a function of solids concentration, in the range 25–61 °Brix, at different temperatures (5–50 °C), with a control rate (CR) rheometer. Cloudy juice was concentrated by vacuum evaporation, and solutions at other concentrations were prepared from the concentrate by adding the liquid collected as distillate. The juices were slightly thixotropic between 45 and 61°Brix. For lower concentrations, the thixotropy was low and could be easily eliminated by shearing. The power law model was applied to fit the pseudoplastic behaviour. The activation energy for flow, evaluated with the Arrhenius–Guzman equation, increased with solids concentration and ranged from 4.6 to 24 kJ gmol^–1. A non-linear correlation, accounting for temperature and concentration effects on the consistency coefficient, was identified.     

固体润滑剂对磁流变液摩擦性能的影响

从磁流变液的配方设计入手,采用四球摩擦磨损实验机研究了不同类型的固体润滑剂对磁流变液摩擦性能的影响,并考察了固体润滑剂在不同触变剂体系和不同基础油体系磁流变液中的配伍性,记录了摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线。结果表明,无机层状结构类固体润滑剂和高分子化合物类固体润滑剂的加入均能有效地改善磁流变液的润滑性能,其中MoS2在无机层状结构类固体润滑剂中的润滑效果最佳,氮化硼的润滑效果最差。固体润滑剂在以SiO2为触变剂的磁流变液体系中的减摩效果优于以高岭土为触变剂的磁流变液体系。与硅油磁流变液体系相比,在矿物油磁流变液体系中聚四氟乙烯和氮化硼能能起到明显的润滑效果,MoS2和石墨的润滑效果变弱。     

高分辨率丝印低温银浆的制备

研究了有机载体中溶剂、树脂、触变剂和银粉含量对低温银浆印刷分辨率的影响。结果表明,不同载体的树脂、溶剂和触变剂对银浆的印刷性有很大影响,银粉的含量对浆料的电性能直接相关。优选的以二价酸酯(38.5%)为溶剂、饱和聚酯(10%)为载体、聚酰胺蜡(0.5%)为触变剂、片状银粉(51%)制备出的低温银浆印刷分辨率高。浆料性能如下：粘度为36.5 Pa·s、触变指数为26.8,在PET、PC、ITO等基材上,用于印刷线宽为100μm时,在x轴和y轴方向扩边率均小于10%,方阻12 m?/□,满足高分辨率精密印刷的要求。     

STUDY ON COKING KINETICS OF CHINESE GUDAO VACUUM RESIDUE

ABSTRACT

Using a molten metal bath as heat source of reaction, the coking kinetics of Gudao vacuum residue in temperature ranges of 400 – 440°C and 460–500°C were studied and kinetic models were developed. The order of reaction, pre-frequency factor and apparent activation energy of thermal-cracking were determined as 1.0, 7.853 × 10¹⁰ min^?1 and 175.3KJ/mol respectively. The results laid a solid foundation for technological computation, reconstruction and design of the tubular furnace using the residuum as its feedstock.     

The Thixotropy of Daqing Waxy Crude

The thixotropic behaviors of Daqing waxy crude were studied experimentally with the help of the advanced strain controlled rheometer (ARES-G2). The experimental results indicated the decrease in viscosity can be divided into two continuous steps, and the recovery of viscosity consists of three continuous processes. Then a new method was used to model the thixotropic behavior combined with the experimental data, and the new method was based on a potential function that can characterize the recovery capability of the inner structure, it is reasonable for to describe the thixotropic behavior of Daqing waxy crude properly.     

硼砂交联低聚羟丙基塔拉胶可再生凝胶体系的制备与流变性研究

开发低成本可再生压裂液对油气田强化开采具有重要意义.今合成了低聚羟丙基塔拉胶,表征了双氧水对其降解程度的影响,考察了低聚羟丙基塔拉胶浓度和硼砂浓度对凝胶形成的影响,得到了稳定的硼砂交联可再生凝胶体系.考察了不同再生次数凝胶体系的流变性,结果表明再生3次以下的凝胶体系具有良好的黏弹性、触变性和剪切变稀性,再生前后凝胶体系流变性无显著变化.该可再生凝胶体系的流变曲线可用非线性共转 Jeffreys 模型描述,实验值与模拟值吻合良好.     

考虑泥浆触变性和管土接触特性的顶管摩阻力公式

顶进力是顶管工程设计和施工的重要参数,而顶管侧摩阻力对顶进力起控制作用,其大小主要受管土接触和管浆接触特性影响。为了更加准确地计算顶管摩阻力,假设隧洞孔壁在泥浆压力作用下保持稳定,管道周围同时存在管土接触和管浆接触,采用协调表面Persson接触模型分析管土接触特性,得出考虑接触压力分布影响的管土摩阻力;然后利用半无限弹性体中柱形圆孔扩张理论分析注浆压力对泥浆套厚度的影响,并结合泥浆触变性和流体力学平行平板模型计算管浆摩阻力。在此基础上考虑管道与隧洞的相对位置,同时将管道顶进时的滑动摩擦阻力作为下限值,顶管重启动时的静摩擦阻力作为上限值,总结出直线和曲线顶管摩阻力公式。通过与工程实例数据对比,结果表明该计算公式下限值与实测值最接近,证明其适用性。     

磁流变液触变性评价指标研究

实验研究了可用于磁流变液触变性的评价指标。研究表明,基于表观粘度与剪切速率曲线得到的触变破解指数,测试简便且重复性好,可作为磁流变液触变性能的评价指标。触变环的测试数据具有良好的稳定性,含有丰富的材料性能信息,也可作为磁流变液触变性的评价指标,且较低的剪切速率以及较低的持续时间,易于得到较为显著的触变环。     

由膏体流变性确定牙膏配方的研究

通过对牙膏膏体流变性能的研究,证明了用已知的流变学数据指导牙膏配方研制的可行性,为制定牙膏配方提供了理论依据。